Abstract There is no doubt that the tremendous development of information technology was one of the driving factors behind the great growth of surveying and geodesy science. This has spawned modern geospatial techniques for data capturing, acquisition, and visualization tools. Digital elevation model (DEM) is the 3D depiction of continuous elevation data over the Earth’s surface that is produced through many procedures such as remote sensing, photogrammetry, and land surveying. DEMs are essential for various surveying and civil engineering applications to generate topographic maps for construction projects at a scale that varies from 1:500 to 1:2,000. GIS offers a powerful tool to create a DEM with high resolution from accurate land survey measurements using interpolation methods. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of estimation techniques on generating a reliable and accurate DEM suitable for large-scale mapping. As a part of this study, the deterministic interpolation algorithms such as ANUDEM (Topo to Raster), inverse distance weighted (IDW), and triangulated irregular network (TIN) were tested using the ArcGIS desktop for elevation data obtained from real total station readings, with different landforms to show the effect of terrain roughness, data density, and interpolation process on DEM accuracy. Furthermore, comparison and validation of each interpolator were carried out through the cross-validation method and numerous graphical representations of the DEM. Finally, the results of the investigations showed that ANUDEM and TIN models are similar and significantly better than those attained from IDW.

中文翻译：

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插值技术对大比例尺数字高程模型精度的影响

摘要 毫无疑问，信息技术的飞速发展是测量学和大地测量学迅猛发展的驱动因素之一。这催生了用于数据捕获、获取和可视化工具的现代地理空间技术。数字高程模型 (DEM) 是地球表面上连续高程数据的 3D 描绘，它是通过许多程序（例如遥感、摄影测量和土地测量）生成的。DEM 对于各种测量和土木工程应用程序来说是必不可少的，可以为建筑项目以 1:500 到 1:2,000 的比例生成地形图。GIS 提供了一个强大的工具，可以使用插值方法从准确的土地调查测量中创建高分辨率的 DEM。本研究的目的是调查估计技术对生成适用于大规模制图的可靠且准确的 DEM 的影响。作为本研究的一部分，使用 ArcGIS 桌面测试了确定性插值算法，例如 ANUDEM（地形到栅格）、反距离加权 (IDW) 和不规则三角网 (TIN)，以获取从真实全站仪读数中获得的高程数据，用不同的地形来展示地形粗糙度、数据密度和插值过程对DEM精度的影响。此外，通过交叉验证方法和 DEM 的大量图形表示，对每个插值器进行了比较和验证。最后，调查结果表明 ANUDEM 和 TIN 模型相似，并且明显优于从 IDW 获得的模型。