In this paper, the advantages of shaping a non-conventional triple collocation-based calibration of a wave propagation model is pointed out. Illustrated through a case study in the Bagnoli-Coroglio Bay (central Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), a multi-comparison between numerical data and direct measurements have been carried out. The nearshore wave propagation model output has been compared with measurements from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and an innovative low-cost drifter-derived GPS-based wave buoy located outside the bay. The triple collocation—buoy, ADCP and virtual numerical point—make possible an implicit validation between instrumentations and between instrumentation and numerical model. The procedure presented here advocates for an alternative “two-step” strategy. Indeed, the triple collocation technique has been used solely to provide a first “rough” calibration of one numerical domain in which the input open boundary has been placed, so that the main wave direction is orthogonally aligned. The need for a fast and sufficiently accurate estimation of wave model parameters (first step) and then an ensemble of five different offshore boundary orientations have been considered, referencing for a more detailed calibration to a short time series of a GPS-buoy installed in the study area (second step). Such a stage involves the introduction of an enhancement factor for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) dataset, used as input for the model. Finally, validation of the final model’s predictions has been carried out by comparing ADCP measurements in the bay. Despite some limitations, the results reveal that the approach is promising and an excellent correlation can be found, especially in terms of significant wave height.

中文翻译：

---

基于多配置的非潮汐湾波浪气候估计：以 Bagnoli-Coroglio 湾（第勒尼安海）为例

在本文中，指出了塑造非常规的基于三重搭配的波传播模型校准的优点。通过在 Bagnoli-Coroglio 湾（意大利第勒尼安海中部）进行的案例研究说明，已经对数值数据和直接测量进行了多次比较。已将近岸波传播模型输出与来自声学多普勒海流剖面仪 (ADCP) 和位于海湾外的创新型低成本漂流器衍生 GPS 波浪浮标的测量结果进行了比较。三重搭配——浮标、ADCP 和虚拟数值点——使仪器之间以及仪器与数值模型之间的隐式验证成为可能。此处介绍的程序提倡另一种“两步走”策略。确实，三重搭配技术仅用于提供一个数值域的第一次“粗略”校准，其中放置了输入开放边界，以便主波方向正交对齐。已经考虑了对波浪模型参数的快速和足够准确估计的需要（第一步），然后是五个不同近海边界方向的集合，参考对安装在海洋中的 GPS 浮标的短时间序列进行更详细的校准。研究区（第二步）。这一阶段涉及为欧洲中期天气预报中心 (ECMWF) 数据集引入增强因子，用作模型的输入。最后，通过比较海湾中的 ADCP 测量结果，对最终模型的预测进行了验证。尽管有一些限制，