The World Health Organization call to halve global snakebite deaths by 2030 will require substantial progress in India. We analyzed 2833 snakebite deaths from 611,483 verbal autopsies in the nationally representative Indian Million Death Study from 2001 to 2014, and conducted a systematic literature review from 2000 to 2019 covering 87,590 snakebites. We estimate that India had 1.2 million snakebite deaths (average 58,000/year) from 2000 to 2019. Nearly half occurred at ages 30–69 years and over a quarter in children < 15 years. Most occurred at home in the rural areas. About 70% occurred in eight higher burden states and half during the rainy season and at low altitude. The risk of an Indian dying from snakebite before age 70 is about 1 in 250, but notably higher in some areas. More crudely, we estimate 1.11–1.77 million bites in 2015, of which 70% showed symptoms of envenomation. Prevention and treatment strategies might substantially reduce snakebite mortality in India.

中文翻译：

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一项全国代表性死亡率研究显示 2000 年至 2019 年印度蛇咬伤死亡趋势

世界卫生组织呼吁到 2030 年将全球蛇咬伤死亡人数减少一半，这需要印度取得实质性进展。我们分析了 2001 年至 2014 年全国代表性的印度百万死亡研究中 611,483 例口头尸检中的 2833 例蛇咬伤死亡事件，并对 2000 年至 2019 年的 87,590 例蛇咬伤事件进行了系统的文献综述。我们估计，从 2000 年到 2019 年，印度有 120 万人被蛇咬伤死亡（平均每年 58,000 人）。近一半发生在 30 至 69 岁之间，超过四分之一发生在 15 岁以下的儿童中。大多数发生在农村地区的家里。大约 70% 发生在八个负担较高的州，一半发生在雨季和低海拔地区。70 岁之前的印度人死于蛇咬伤的风险约为 250 分之一，但在某些地区明显更高。更粗略地说，我们估计 2015 年有 1.11-177 万次咬伤，其中 70% 出现了中毒症状。预防和治疗策略可能会大大降低印度的蛇咬伤死亡率。