Rivers and floodplains provide many regulating, provisioning and cultural ecosystem services (ES) such as flood risk regulation, crop production or recreation. Intensive use of resources such as hydropower production, construction of detention basins and intensive agriculture substantially change ecosystems and may affect their capacity to provide ES. Legal frameworks such as the European Water Framework Directive, Bird and Habitats Directive and Floods Directive already address various uses and interests. However, management is still sectoral and often potential synergies or trade‐offs between sectors are not considered. The ES concept could support a joint and holistic evaluation of impacts and proactively suggest advantageous options. The river ecosystem service index (RESI) method evaluates the capacity of floodplains to provide ES by using a standardized five‐point scale for 1 km‐floodplain segments based on available spatial data. This scaling allows consistent scoring of all ES and their integration into a single index. The aim of this article is to assess ES impacts of different flood prevention scenarios on a 75 km section of the Danube river corridor in Germany. The RESI method was applied to evaluate scenario effects on 13 ES with the standardized five‐point scale. Synergies and trade‐offs were identified as well as ES bundles and dependencies on land use and connectivity. The ratio of actual and former floodplain has the strongest influence on the total ES provision: the higher the percentage and area of an active floodplain, the higher the sum of ES. The RESI method proved useful to support decision‐making in regional planning.

中文翻译：

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评估土地利用和洪水管理对河流景观中生态系统服务的影响（德国多瑙河上游）

河流和洪泛区提供许多调节、供应和文化生态系统服务 (ES)，例如洪水风险调节、作物生产或娱乐。水电生产、蓄水池建设和集约化农业等资源的集约利用会极大地改变生态系统，并可能影响其提供 ES 的能力。欧洲水框架指令、鸟类和栖息地指令和洪水指令等法律框架已经解决了各种用途和利益。然而，管理仍然是部门性的，往往没有考虑部门之间的潜在协同作用或权衡。ES 概念可以支持对影响的联合和整体评估，并主动提出有利的选择。河流生态系统服务指数 (RESI) 方法基于可用空间数据，通过对 1 公里的洪泛区段使用标准化的五分制来评估洪泛区提供 ES 的能力。这种缩放允许对所有 ES 进行一致的评分并将它们集成到单个索引中。本文的目的是评估不同防洪方案对德国多瑙河走廊 75 公里段的 ES 影响。应用 RESI 方法以标准化五分制评估情景对 13 ES 的影响。确定了协同作用和权衡以及 ES 捆绑和对土地使用和连通性的依赖。实际洪泛区与前洪泛区的比例对总生态系统供给的影响最大：活动洪泛区的百分比和面积越高，生态系统总和就越高。