Known as the ‘ship of the plateau’, through thousands of years evolution and cruelty environments selection containing low oxygen and strong ultraviolet radiation, yaks have adapted plateau environments and supplied important goods and materials for the people in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes and novel long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of yaks for the Plateau adaptation and their underlying co‐expression and regulatory network. We carried out RNA‐seq analysis for cerebral and cerebellar tissue specimens of Bos taurus, Bos grunniens × Bos Taurus and B. grunniens. Furthermore, 12,072 pseudo lncRNAs were predicted using three software. In total, 4,257 significant DE transcripts were identified using the Ballgown R package (p < .01), of which 1,021 were protein‐coding genes, 14 were known lncRNAs, and 661 were novel lncRNAs. Using WGCNA, a co‐expression network of DE mRNAs and lncRNAs comprising 5 modules was generated to determine functional associations clusters. This study reveals a valuable sub‐network comprising 8 hub genes, one known lncRNA and 5 novel lncRNAs in the major module. These hub genes are associated with blood pressure regulation, generation of reactive oxygen species and metabolism. The analysis of co‐expressed genes thus provides a basis for the regulatory mechanisms in PA in Yaks and for the detection of additional genes between cross‐breed and parent populations.

中文翻译：

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与Ya牛高原适应相关的lncRNA和mRNA的检测和综合分析。

thousands牛被称为“高原之船”，经过数千年的进化和选择低氧和强紫外线的残酷环境，have牛适应了高原环境，为青藏高原的人们提供了重要的商品和材料。这项研究旨在鉴定adaptation牛的差异表达（DE）基因和新型长非编码RNA（lncRNA），以适应高原环境及其潜在的共表达和调控网络。我们对Bos taurus，Bos grunniens  ×  Bos Taurus和B. grunniens的脑和小脑组织标本进行了RNA序列分析。此外，使用三个软件预测了12,072个伪lncRNA。使用Ballgown R软件包，总共鉴定出4,257个重要的DE转录本（p <.01），其中1,021个是蛋白质编码基因，14个是已知的lncRNA，而661个是新型lncRNA。使用WGCNA，生成了包含5个模块的DE mRNA和lncRNA的共表达网络，以确定功能关联簇。这项研究揭示了一个有价值的子网络，该子网络在主要模块中包含8个集线器基因，一个已知的lncRNA和5个新颖的lncRNA。这些中枢基因与血压调节，活性氧的产生和代谢有关。因此，共表达基因的分析为Ya牛PA的调控机制以及杂交与亲本群体之间其他基因的检测提供了基础。