Observations of parasitoid behaviour in both no‐choice and choice tests are consistent with proposed ecological host range,Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata

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Observations of parasitoid behaviour in both no‐choice and choice tests are consistent with proposed ecological host range
Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 , DOI: 10.1111/eea.12956
Toni M. Withers _{1,

2} , Geoff R. Allen ₃ , Christine L. Todoroki ₁ , Andrew R. Pugh _{1,

2} , Belinda A. Gresham ₁

Affiliation

The solitary larval endoparasitoid Eadya daenerys Ridenbaugh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a proposed biocontrol agent of Paropsis charybdis Stål (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae), a pest of eucalypts in New Zealand. Eadya daenerys oviposition behaviour was examined in two assay types during host range testing, with the aim of improving ecological host range prediction. No‐choice sequential and two‐choice behavioural observations were undertaken against nine closely related species of New Zealand non‐target beetle larvae, including a native beetle, introduced weed biocontrol agents, and invasive paropsine beetles. No behavioural measure was significantly different between no‐choice and two‐choice tests. In sequential no‐choice assays the order of first presentation (target–non‐target) had no significant effect on the median number of attacks or the attack rate while on the plant. Beetle species was the most important factor. Parasitoids expressed significantly lower on‐plant attack rates against non‐targets compared to target P. charybdis larvae. The median number of attacks was always higher towards target larvae than towards non‐target larvae, except for the phylogenetically closest related non‐target Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). Most non‐target larvae were disregarded upon contact, which suggests that the infrequent attack behaviour observed by two individual E. daenerys against Allocharis nr. tarsalis larvae in two‐choice tests and the frass of Chrysolina abchasica (Weise) was probably abnormal host selection behaviour. Results indicate that E. daenerys is unlikely to attack non‐target species apart from Eucalyptus‐feeding invasive paropsines (Chrysomelinae). Non‐lethal negative impacts upon less preferred non‐target larvae are possible if E. daenerys does attack them in the field; however, this is likely to be rare.

中文翻译：

在无选择和选择测试中对寄生物行为的观察与提议的生态寄主范围一致

孤立的幼虫内寄生物 Eadya daenerys Ridenbaugh（膜翅目：茧蜂科）是一种拟用于 Paropsis charybdis Stål（鞘翅目：Chrysomelidae，Chrysomelinae）的生物防治剂，这是新西兰的一种桉树害虫。Eadya daenerys 产卵行为在宿主范围测试期间以两种测定类型进行检查，目的是改进生态宿主范围预测。对九种密切相关的新西兰非目标甲虫幼虫进行了无选择顺序和双选择行为观察，包括本地甲虫、引入的杂草生物防治剂和侵入性近视甲虫。无选择和二选一测试之间的行为测量没有显着差异。在连续的无选择试验中，第一次出现的顺序（目标-非目标）对植物上攻击的中位数或攻击率没有显着影响。甲虫种类是最重要的因素。与目标 P. charybdis 幼虫相比，寄生蜂对非目标的植株攻击率显着降低。攻击目标幼虫的中位数总是高于非目标幼虫，除了系统发育最接近的相关非目标 Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn) (鞘翅目：Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)。大多数非目标幼虫在接触时被忽视，这表明两个单独的 E. daenerys 对 Allocharis nr. 观察到的罕见攻击行为。双选择试验中的跗骨幼虫和 Chrysolina abchasica (Weise) 的 frass 可能是异常的宿主选择行为。结果表明，除了以桉树为食的入侵鹦鹉（Chrysomelinae）外，丹妮莉丝不太可能攻击非目标物种。如果 E. daenerys 确实在田间攻击它们，则可能对不太受欢迎的非目标幼虫产生非致命的负面影响；然而，这种情况可能很少见。

更新日期：2020-08-13

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