Mungbean or green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a major pulse crop of Southeast Asia. This is the most liked pulse in India because of its good palatability, nutritional quality and easy digestibility. It is mainly grown in subsistence farming systems in India. The crop species has evolved in a diverse range of agroclimatic conditions and therefore the local germplasm has rich genetic diversity. However, this diversity has not been explored to identify useful traits and germplasm to utilise in crop improvement programmes. Therefore, a study was performed on 1,232 mungbean accessions using 8 quantitative, 18 qualitative traits and 4 seed morphometric traits to understand genetic diversity of the crop and identify trait‐specific germplasm. Wide range of variation was observed for days to flowering, days to maturity, pod length, number of seeds/pod and 100‐seed weight. Relative high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for 100‐seed weight, flowering period, seed length and seed breadth. Broad sense heritability (h²) analysis indicated that days to 50% flowering, flowering period, days to 80% maturity, 100‐seed weight and seed‐dimension‐related traits are highly suitable for mungbean breeding programmes. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis based on morphological quantitative traits indicates that the diversity in the mungbean germplasm has no significant relationship with respect to their geographical origin. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first five principal components (PCs) explained 91.4% of total variation. The maximum variance was explained by PC1 (44.61%) followed by PC2 (21.15%). Plotting of observations in two‐dimensional space corresponding to PC1 and PC2 revealed wide distribution of accessions, and certain accessions were found associated with variables. The agromorphological variability and its genetic nature revealed from this study may prove very useful in ongoing and future breeding programmes.

中文翻译：

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了解绿豆（Vigna radiata L.）基因库中的遗传变异

绿豆或绿克（Vigna radiataL. Wilczek）是东南亚的主要豆类作物。由于其良好的适口性，营养质量和易消化性，这是印度最受欢迎的豆类。它主要生长在印度的自给农业系统中。作物种类在多种农业气候条件下进化，因此当地种质具有丰富的遗传多样性。但是，尚未探索这种多样性来确定可用于作物改良计划的有用性状和种质。因此，使用8个定量，18个定性特征和4个种子形态特征对1,232个绿豆种质进行了研究，以了解农作物的遗传多样性并鉴定特异种质。从开花到开花的天数，到成熟到开花的天数，豆荚的长度，种子/荚果的数量和100粒重的变化都很大。在100粒重，开花期，种子长度和种子宽度上观察到相对较高的表型变异系数（PCV）和基因型变异系数（GCV）。广义遗传力（h ²）分析表明，开花至50％的天数，开花期，成熟至80％的天数，100种子重量和种子尺寸相关性状非常适合绿豆育种计划。基于形态定量特征的聚集层次聚类分析表明，绿豆种质的多样性与其地理起源没有显着关系。主成分分析（PCA）显示，前五个主成分（PC）解释了总变化的91.4％。PC1（44.61％）其次是PC2（21.15％）解释了最大方差。在对应于PC1和PC2的二维空间中对观测值作图表明，种质分布广泛，并且发现某些种质与变量相关。