Although cases of independent adaptation to the same dietary niche have been documented in mammalian ecology, the molecular correlates of such shifts are seldom known. Here, we used genomewide analyses of molecular evolution to examine two lineages of bats that, from an insectivorous ancestor, have both independently evolved obligate frugivory: the Old World family Pteropodidae and the neotropical subfamily Stenodermatinae. New genome assemblies from two neotropical fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis and Sturnira hondurensis) provide a framework for comparisons with Old World fruit bats. Comparative genomics of 10 bat species encompassing dietary diversity across the phylogeny revealed convergent molecular signatures of frugivory in both multigene family evolution and single‐copy genes. Evidence for convergent molecular adaptations associated with frugivorous diets includes the composition of three subfamilies of olfactory receptor genes, losses of three bitter taste receptor genes, losses of two digestive enzyme genes and convergent amino acid substitutions in several metabolic genes. By identifying suites of adaptations associated with the convergent evolution of frugivory, our analyses both reveal the extent of molecular mechanisms under selection in dietary shifts and will facilitate future studies of molecular ecology in mammals.

中文翻译：

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在旧大陆和新热带水果蝙蝠中，食分子的分子适应性和趋同进化。

尽管在哺乳动物生态学中已经记录了对同一饮食生态位进行独立适应的案例，但这种转变的分子相关性却鲜为人知。在这里，我们使用了分子进化的全基因组分析来研究蝙蝠的两个血统，这些血统是从食虫祖先开始独立进化的专性食果类：旧世界家族的翼足类和新热带亚科Stenodermatinae。来自两个新热带果蝠（Artibeus jamaicensis和Sturnira hondurensis）的新基因组装配）提供了与旧世界果蝠进行比较的框架。10种蝙蝠物种的比较基因组学涵盖了整个系统发育的饮食多样性，揭示了在多基因家族进化和单拷贝基因中节食的聚合分子特征。与节食饮食相关的趋同分子适应的证据包括三个嗅觉受体基因亚家族的组成，三个苦味受体基因的丧失，两个消化酶基因的丧失以及几个代谢基因中的趋同氨基酸替代。通过确定与食肉趋同进化相关的适应套件，我们的分析既揭示了饮食转变中分子机制选择的范围，又将促进哺乳动物分子生态学的进一步研究。