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Good things take time—Diversity effects on tree growth shift from negative to positive during stand development in boreal forests
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13464 Tommaso Jucker 1 , Julia Koricheva 2 , Leena Finér 3 , Olivier Bouriaud 4, 5 , Giovanni Iacopetti 6 , David A. Coomes 7
中文翻译：
好事需要时间-在北方森林的林分发育过程中，多样性对树木生长的影响从负向正转变
更新日期：2020-07-06
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13464 Tommaso Jucker 1 , Julia Koricheva 2 , Leena Finér 3 , Olivier Bouriaud 4, 5 , Giovanni Iacopetti 6 , David A. Coomes 7
Affiliation
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- Long‐term grassland biodiversity experiments have shown that diversity effects on productivity tend to strengthen through time, as complementarity among coexisting species increases. But it remains less clear whether this pattern also holds for other ecosystems such as forests, and if so why.
- Here we explore whether diversity effects on tree growth change predictably during stand development in Finland's boreal forests. Using tree ring records from mature forests, we tested whether diameter growth trajectories of dominant tree species growing in mixture differed from those in monoculture. We then compared these results with data from the world's longest running tree diversity experiment, where the same combinations of species sampled in mature forests were planted in 1999.
- We found that diversity effects on tree growth strengthened progressively through time, only becoming significantly positive around 20 years after seedling establishment. This shift coincided with the period in which canopy closure occurs in these forests, at which time trees begin to interact and compete above‐ground. These temporal trends were remarkably consistent across different tree species sampled in mature forests, and broadly matched growth responses observed in the much younger experimental plots.
- Synthesis. Our results mirror those from grassland ecosystems and suggest that canopy closure is a key phase for promoting niche complementarity in diverse tree communities. They also provide a series of testable hypotheses for the growing number of tree diversity experiments that have been established in recent years.
中文翻译：
好事需要时间-在北方森林的林分发育过程中，多样性对树木生长的影响从负向正转变
- 长期的草地生物多样性实验表明，随着共存物种之间互补性的提高，多样性对生产力的影响会随着时间而增强。但是还不清楚这种模式是否也适用于其他生态系统，例如森林，如果是，为什么。
- 在这里，我们探讨了多样性对树木生长的影响在芬兰北方森林的林分发育过程中是否可预测地发生变化。使用来自成熟森林的年轮记录，我们测试了混合种植的优势树种的直径生长轨迹是否与单一栽培中的不同。然后，我们将这些结果与世界上运行时间最长的树木多样性实验的数据进行了比较，该实验是在1999年种植了在成熟森林中采样的相同物种组合。
- 我们发现，随着时间的流逝，对树木生长的多样性影响逐渐增强，仅在幼苗建立后20年左右才变得显着积极。这种变化与这些森林发生冠层封闭的时期相吻合，此时树木开始相互作用并在地上竞争。这些时间趋势在成熟森林中取样的不同树种之间非常一致，并且在年轻得多的试验田中观察到的生长响应大致匹配。
- 综合。我们的研究结果反映了草地生态系统的研究结果，并表明树冠封闭是促进各种树木群落生态位互补的关键阶段。他们还为近年来建立的越来越多的树木多样性实验提供了一系列可检验的假设。
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