Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition. The disease involves the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Among late‐onset, familial forms of Parkinson are cases with mutations in the PARK17 locus encoding the vacuolar protein sorting 35 (Vps35), a subunit of the retromer complex. The retromer complex is composed of a heterotrimeric protein core (Vps26‐Vps35‐Vps29). The best‐known role of retromer is the retrieval of cargoes from endosomes to the Golgi complex or the plasma membrane. However, recent literature indicates that retromer performs roles associated with lysosomal and mitochondrial functions and degradative pathways such as autophagy. A common point mutation affecting the retromer subunit Vps35 is D620N, which has been linked to the alterations in the aforementioned cellular processes as well as with neurodegeneration. Here, we review the main aspects of the malfunction of the retromer complex and its implications for PD pathology. Besides, we highlight several controversies still awaiting clarification.

中文翻译：

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帕金森病的细胞和分子决定因素的更新，重点是逆转录复合物的作用。

帕金森病 (PD) 是一种非常普遍的神经退行性疾病。该疾病涉及位于黑质致密部的多巴胺能神经元的进行性退化。在迟发性、家族性帕金森病中，PARK17 基因座编码液泡蛋白分选 35 (Vps35) 突变，这是逆转录复合体的一个亚基。逆向复合体由异源三聚体蛋白核心（Vps26-Vps35-Vps29）组成。逆转录酶最著名的作用是将货物从内体恢复到高尔基复合体或质膜。然而，最近的文献表明，逆转录酶发挥与溶酶体和线粒体功能以及自噬等降解途径相关的作用。影响逆转录亚基 Vps35 的常见点突变是 D620N，这与上述细胞过程的改变以及神经变性有关。在这里，我们回顾了逆转录复合体功能障碍的主要方面及其对 PD 病理学的影响。此外，我们强调一些仍有待澄清的争议。