Abstract Progress in the design, synthesis, and modification of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has immensely helped expand their applications in a wide variety of research fields. Such developments offered great opportunities for upgrading their efficiencies in diverse photocatalytic applications (e.g., N2/CO2 reduction, H2 generation, organic synthesis, and environmental remediation) through enhanced conversion/storage of solar energy. The MOF-based photocatalytic platforms are, nonetheless, subject to many practical problems (e.g., inapplicability for industrial upscaling and thermodynamic instability under environmental conditions). In this review, the effects of synthesis/modification strategies on MOF photocatalysis have been discussed with respect to the type of inorganic nodes, the modulation of organic ligands, and the pre-/post-synthesis modification in MOF networks (i.e., MOF-based composite). Particular emphasis was placed on the technical advances achieved in the photoelectronic/catalytic performances of MOFs in multiple energy/environmental (redox) reactions based on both experimental and theoritical analyses. Further, the technical merits/disadvantages of MOF photocatalysts (in terms of structural defects, light absorption, active sites, and kinetic/thermodynamic stability) have been evaluated in relation to quantum efficiency and charge transfer mechanisms in various photo-redox reactions. The pursuit of strategies for enhanced kinetic stability of MOFs have also been highlighted based on the nature/strength of coordination modes, the inertness of metal centers, and the functionality of ligand types. Lastly, the current limitations of MOF-based photocatalysts are addressed with respect to their practical applications at industrial scales along with a discussion on their future use.

中文翻译：

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金属有机骨架作为光催化剂：调制策略和环境/能源应用的进展

摘要 金属有机框架 (MOF) 的设计、合成和修饰方面的进展极大地帮助扩展了它们在各种研究领域的应用。这些发展为通过增强太阳能的转换/储存来提高其在各种光催化应用（例如，N2/CO2 还原、H2 生成、有机合成和环境修复）中的效率提供了巨大的机会。尽管如此，基于 MOF 的光催化平台仍存在许多实际问题（例如，不适用于工业升级和环境条件下的热力学不稳定性）。在这篇综述中，已经讨论了合成/改性策略对 MOF 光催化的影响，包括无机节点的类型、有机配体的调制、以及 MOF 网络中的合成前/合成后修饰（即基于 MOF 的复合材料）。基于实验和理论分析，特别强调了 MOF 在多种能源/环境（氧化还原）反应中的光电/催化性能方面取得的技术进步。此外，MOF 光催化剂的技术优点/缺点（在结构缺陷、光吸收、活性位点和动力学/热力学稳定性方面）已经在各种光氧化还原反应中与量子效率和电荷转移机制相关进行了评估。基于配位模式的性质/强度、金属中心的惰性和配体类型的功能，也强调了对增强 MOF 动力学稳定性的策略的追求。最后，