Neurodegeneration, the slow and progressive loss of neurons in the central nervous system has become a major challenge to public health worldwide particularly with elderly people. Until recently, the brain and immune system were studied exclusively, independent of each other representing two distinct systems. Recent studies ensue crosstalk between these two systems to maintain homeostasis. Though the progressive loss of specific neuronal subsets is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease, emerging evidences indicate that immune response also plays a critical role in disease progression. Due to conservation of mechanisms that govern neural development and innate immune activation in flies and humans, and availability of powerful genetic tools, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the best model organisms to investigate the immune response in neurodegenerative disease. Owing to significant homology between human and Drosophila immune system and recent reports on interplay between immune system and neurodegenerative disease progression, the main focus of the review is to develop a comprehensive understanding of how neuro-immune interactions contribute to neurodegeneration using Drosophila as a model system.

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免疫反应与神经退行性疾病进展之间的相互作用：使用果蝇作为模型的评估

神经变性，即中枢神经系统中神经元的缓慢和渐进性丧失已成为全球公共卫生的重大挑战，尤其是老年人。直到最近，大脑和免疫系统才被专门研究，彼此独立，代表两个不同的系统。最近的研究导致这两个系统之间发生串扰以维持体内平衡。虽然特定神经元亚群的逐渐丧失是神经退行性疾病的标志，但新出现的证据表明免疫反应也在疾病进展中发挥关键作用。由于保护果蝇和人类神经发育和先天免疫激活的机制，以及强大的遗传工具的可用性，果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster 是研究神经退行性疾病免疫反应的最佳模式生物之一。由于人类和果蝇免疫系统之间的显着同源性以及最近关于免疫系统与神经退行性疾病进展之间相互作用的报告，本综述的主要重点是全面了解神经免疫相互作用如何使用果蝇作为模型系统促进神经退行性变.