Numerous hazardous environmental pollutants in water bodies, both organic and inorganic, have become a critical global issue. As greener and bio-synthesized versions of nanoparticles exhibit significant promise for wastewater treatment, this review discusses trends and future prospects exploiting the sustainable applications of green-synthesized nanocatalysts and nanomaterials for the removal of contaminants and metal ions from aqueous solutions. Recent trends and challenges about these nanocatalysts and nanomaterials and their potential applications in wastewater treatment and water purification are highlighted including toxicity and biosafety issues. This review delineates the pros and cons and critical issues pertaining to the deployment of these nanomaterials endowed with their superior surface area, mechanical properties, significant chemical reactivity, and cost-effectiveness with low energy consumption, for removal of hazardous materials and contaminants from water; comprehensive coverage of these materials for industrial wastewater remediation, and their recovery is underscored by recent advancements in nanofabrication, encompassing intelligent and smart nanomaterials.

水体中的许多有害环境污染物，无论是有机的还是无机的，已成为一个关键的全球性问题。由于更绿色和生物合成的纳米粒子在废水处理方面表现出巨大的前景，本综述讨论了利用绿色合成纳米催化剂和纳米材料的可持续应用来去除水溶液中的污染物和金属离子的趋势和未来前景。这些纳米催化剂和纳米材料的最新趋势和挑战及其在废水处理和水净化中的潜在应用被强调，包括毒性和生物安全问题。这篇综述描述了与这些纳米材料的部署有关的利弊和关键问题，这些纳米材料具有优越的表面积、机械性能、显着的化学反应性，成本效益低，能耗低，可去除水中的有害物质和污染物；对这些用于工业废水修复的材料的全面覆盖，以及纳米加工的最新进展（包括智能和智能纳米材料）强调了它们的回收。