Fabricating carbon materials with required specific surface area (SSA) is critical for electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs). Here we develop a simple and general immersing strategy to fabricate carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with tunable surface area (T-CNFs). Among them, bacterial cellulose (BC) fibers are used as carbon precursor and the organic macromolecules adsorbed by BC are the key factor which decides the SSA of T-CNFs. The T-CNFs samples display the largest SSA of 589.2 m² g⁻¹. Furthermore, the adsorbed organic matter can modify the surface of CNFs. Compared with the seriously shrunk pure BC; the BC/molecules keep their interconnected networks structure after carbonization which exhibit great potential for supercapacitors. In three-electrode system, the T-CNFs-3 electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance which 4 times that of the T-CNFs-0 electrode, and a long cycling life (about 4% capacitance decay after 5000 cycles). Moreover, the assembled symmetric device (T-CNFs-3//T-CNFs-3) displays a high specific energy of 7.7 Wh kg⁻¹ at the specific power of 325 W kg⁻¹.

制造具有所需比表面积（SSA）的碳材料对于双电层电容器（EDLC）至关重要。在这里，我们开发了一种简单且通用的浸入策略，以制造具有可调表面积（T-CNFs）的碳纳米纤维（CNF）。其中，细菌纤维素（BC）纤维被用作碳前体，而BC吸附的有机大分子是决定T-CNFs的SSA的关键因素。T-CNF样品显示最大的SSA为589.2 m ² g ^-1。此外，吸附的有机物可以修饰CNF的表面。与严重收缩的纯BC相比；碳化后，BC /分子保持其互连的网络结构，这对超级电容器具有巨大的潜力。在三电极系统中，T-CNFs-3电极具有高的比电容，是T-CNFs-0电极的4倍，并且循环寿命长（5000次循环后电容衰减约4％）。此外，组装的对称装置（T-CNFs-3 // T-CNFs-3）在325 W kg ^-1的比功率下显示出7.7 Wh kg ^-1的高比能。