NiO is a highly appealing anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its relatively high Li storage capacity. However, its low electrical conductivity and large volume change during the battery cycling process limit its application. Here, we fabricate a series of porous Ni/NiO (M) nanocomposites through the direct pyrolysis of a nickel oxalate precursor and adjust the Ni(0) content by varying the pyrolysis temperature. The porous architecture is beneficial for alleviating the volume expansion/constriction during cycling. The Ni in the composites accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics and enhances the conductivity of the electrode materials. The M-2 electrode with a 17.9% Ni(0) content realizes a high reversible capacity (633.7 mA h g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g⁻¹) and exhibits outstanding rate capability (307.6 mA h g⁻¹ after 250 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹). This work can not only supply an approach to adjust the content of an element with specific valence state, but also provide an inspiration for the fabrication of porous metal/metal oxide anode materials in LIBs.

由于NiO的相对较高的Li存储容量，它是锂离子电池（LIB）的极具吸引力的负极材料。但是，其低电导率和电池循环过程中的大体积变化限制了其应用。在这里，我们通过草酸镍前体的直接热解制备了一系列多孔的Ni / NiO（M）纳米复合材料，并通过改变热解温度来调节Ni（0）的含量。多孔结构有利于减轻循环过程中的体积膨胀/收缩。复合材料中的镍可加速电化学反应动力学并增强电极材料的电导率。具有17.9％的Ni（0）含量的M-2电极实现了高可逆容量（633.7毫安ħ克^-1在0.2 100次循环后的克^-1）并且表现出优秀的速率能力（307.6毫安ħ克^-1 1 A G 250次循环后^-1）。这项工作不仅可以提供一种方法来调节具有特定价态的元素的含量，而且可以为LIB中多孔金属/金属氧化物阳极材料的制造提供灵感。