The past two decades witnessed the raise of closed-loop supply chain due to huge attention to the environment and business social responsibility. Both academia and industry have examined recycling and remanufacturing of the used products, due to these concerns complicated by resource scarcity, and government regulations. In this paper, a three-level closed-loop supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, retailer, and third-party collector are considered. The manufacturer builds simultaneously new products from raw materials and remanufactures the returning products. The main idea of the study is to evaluate optimal pricing and collection decisions under channel leadership with two competitive recycling channels including retailer collecting and third-party collector collecting. Based on game theory, four different scenarios are developed - a centralized model and three decentralized models based on the Stackelberg game including Manufacturer Stackelberg, Retailer Stackelberg, and third-party collector Stackelberg. To verify the model, the real case of a TV set producer is studied and then the optimal decisions compared and analyzed in different scenarios. The effect of competition between the retailer and the third-party collector recycling channel has been examined on decision variables, member profits and total profit. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis has been carried out considering the base market size parameter and the sensitivity of demand to retail prices. The examination of the results from the environmental and consumer welfare aspects shows that the retailer leadership decentralized model is often the most effective scenario in closed-loop supply chain, and considering the overall benefit of the supply chain between decentralized models, the retailer leadership model is the best and closest model to the centralized model.

过去二十年来，由于对环境和企业社会责任的高度关注，闭环供应链的兴起。由于这些担忧以及资源稀缺和政府法规的影响，学术界和工业界都在研究旧产品的回收和再制造。本文考虑了由制造商，零售商和第三方收集者组成的三级闭环供应链。制造商同时从原材料制造新产品并重新制造退货产品。该研究的主要思想是通过两个竞争性回收渠道（包括零售商回收和第三方回收）来评估在渠道领导下的最佳定价和回收决策。根据博弈论，根据Stackelberg游戏，开发了四个不同的场景-集中模型和三个分散模型，包括制造商Stackelberg，零售商Stackelberg和第三方收藏家Stackelberg。为了验证模型，研究了电视机生产商的真实案例，然后在不同情况下比较和分析了最佳决策。研究了零售商与第三方收藏家回收渠道之间的竞争对决策变量，成员利润和总利润的影响。考虑到基本市场规模参数和需求对零售价格的敏感性，已经进行了全面的敏感性分析。