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Wildlife consumption of neonicotinoid-treated seeds at simulated seed spills.
Environmental Research ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-07 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109830
Charlotte L Roy 1 , Pamela L Coy 1
Affiliation  

The most likely route of exposure to high concentrations of neonicotinoids capable of producing lethal or sublethal effects in birds and mammals is consumption of treated seeds. We placed trail cameras at simulated seed spills to document wildlife consuming treated seeds during the spring planting season. We simulated 4 types of spills, corn treated with 2 concentrations of clothiandin (0.5 or 0.25 mg/seed), corn treated with thiamethoxam (0.25 mg/seed), and soybean treated with imidacloprid (0.15 mg/seed). We documented 16 species of birds and 14 species of mammals eating neonicotinoid-treated seeds at spills. Of these, we quantified consumption of treated seeds by 12 species of birds and 13 species of mammals. Birds and mammals did not consume enough seeds to exceed published LD50s in related taxa, but most species did consume enough seeds to reach or exceed thresholds for sublethal effects based on currently available studies. Birds and mammals did not increase the amount of seeds consumed over time, as would be expected if responsive to the concentration of neonicotinoids on seeds, but more birds and mammals consumed seeds over time, as a proportion of the number at spills each day. More birds also consumed seeds after a soaking rain event, which likely reduced the amount of treatment on the seeds. Importantly, wildlife are consuming seeds while neonicotinoids are still concentrated on seeds. Our findings indicate that previously held assumptions about the safety of neonicotinoid seed treatments for vertebrate wildlife need to be revisited.



中文翻译:

在模拟种子泄漏下野生生物消耗新烟碱处理过的种子。

暴露于高浓度的能在鸟类和哺乳动物中产生致命或亚致死作用的新烟碱类药物的最可能途径是食用经处理的种子。我们在模拟的种子溢出处放置了跟踪摄像头,以记录春季播种季节野生动植物食用经处理的种子的情况。我们模拟了四种类型的溢漏,用2种浓度的布比丁(0.5或0.25 mg /种)处理过的玉米,用噻虫嗪(0.25 mg /种)处理过的玉米和用吡虫啉(0.15 mg /种)处理过的大豆。我们记录了有16种鸟类和14种哺乳动物在泄漏时食用新烟碱处理过的种子。其中,我们量化了12种鸟类和13种哺乳动物处理过的种子的消耗量。鸟类和哺乳动物消耗的种子不足以超过相关分类单元中已发表的LD50,但根据目前可用的研究,大多数物种确实消耗了足够的种子,以达到或超过亚致死作用阈值。鸟类和哺乳动物并未随着时间的推移而增加消耗的种子数量,这是对种子中新烟碱浓度的反应所预期的,但是随着时间的推移,更多鸟类和哺乳动物会随着时间的推移而消耗种子,占每天溢出数量的一部分。雨水浸泡后,更多的鸟类也消耗了种子,这很可能减少了对种子的处理量。重要的是,野生生物正在消耗种子,而新烟碱类仍然集中在种子上。我们的研究结果表明,以前对有关新烟碱种子治疗脊椎动物野生动植物安全性的假设需要重新审视。鸟类和哺乳动物并未随着时间的推移而增加消耗的种子数量,这是对种子中新烟碱浓度的反应所预期的,但是随着时间的推移,更多鸟类和哺乳动物会随着时间的推移而消耗种子,占每天溢出数量的一部分。雨水浸泡后,更多的鸟类也消耗了种子,这很可能减少了对种子的处理量。重要的是,野生生物正在消耗种子,而新烟碱类仍然集中在种子上。我们的发现表明,需要重新审视以前对脊椎动物野生生物使用新烟碱种子治疗的安全性的假设。鸟类和哺乳动物并未随着时间的推移而增加消耗的种子数量,这是对种子中新烟碱浓度的反应所预期的,但是随着时间的推移,更多鸟类和哺乳动物会随着时间的推移消耗种子,占每天溢出数量的一部分。雨水浸泡后,更多的鸟类也消耗了种子,这很可能减少了对种子的处理量。重要的是,野生生物正在消耗种子,而新烟碱类仍然集中在种子上。我们的发现表明,需要重新审视以前对脊椎动物野生生物使用新烟碱种子治疗的安全性的假设。占每天泄漏数量的比例。雨水浸泡后,更多的鸟类也消耗了种子,这很可能减少了对种子的处理量。重要的是,野生生物正在消耗种子,而新烟碱类仍然集中在种子上。我们的发现表明,需要重新审视以前对脊椎动物野生生物使用新烟碱种子治疗的安全性的假设。占每天泄漏数量的比例。雨水浸泡后,更多的鸟类也食用了种子,这很可能减少了对种子的处理量。重要的是,野生生物正在消耗种子,而新烟碱类仍然集中在种子上。我们的发现表明,需要重新审视以前对脊椎动物野生生物使用新烟碱种子治疗的安全性的假设。

更新日期:2020-07-07
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