The cerebellum is involved in the control of voluntary and autonomic rhythmic behaviors, yet it is unclear to what extent it coordinates these in concert. We studied Purkinje cell activity during unperturbed and perturbed respiration in lobules simplex, crus 1, and crus 2. During unperturbed (eupneic) respiration, complex spike and simple spike activity encode the phase of ongoing sensorimotor processing. In contrast, when the respiratory cycle is perturbed by whisker stimulation, mice concomitantly protract their whiskers and advance their inspiration in a phase-dependent manner, preceded by increased simple spike activity. This phase advancement of respiration in response to whisker stimulation can be mimicked by optogenetic stimulation of Purkinje cells and prevented by cell-specific genetic modification of their AMPA receptors, hampering increased simple spike firing. Thus, the impact of Purkinje cell activity on respiratory control is context and phase dependent, highlighting a coordinating role for the cerebellar hemispheres in aligning autonomic and sensorimotor behaviors.

小脑参与控制自愿性和自主性的节律性行为，但尚不清楚它在多大程度上协调这些行为。我们研究了小叶，小腿1和小腿2的无扰动呼吸过程中的浦肯野细胞活性。在无扰动（呼吸性）呼吸过程中，复杂的峰值和简单的峰值活动编码了正在进行的感觉运动过程。相反，当晶须刺激扰乱了呼吸周期时，小鼠伴随着晶须的活动而延长了其晶须的生长，并以阶段依赖的方式促进了它们的吸气，然后增加了简单的尖峰活动。可通过浦肯野细胞的光遗传学刺激来模仿响应晶须刺激的呼吸的这一阶段进展，并通过其AMPA受体的细胞特异性遗传修饰来阻止这种进展，阻碍了简单尖峰发射。因此，浦肯野细胞活性对呼吸控制的影响取决于环境和阶段，从而突出了小脑半球在协调自主神经和感觉运动行为中的协调作用。