The production of food for a growing world population is a great challenge. In particular, protein and the long-chain n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which exert a series of potential health effects, are scarce resources in the context of global food security. Fish from wild capture and aquaculture production cannot meet the current demand for EPA and DHA; therefore, a supplementation with alternative sources is crucial. Specific microalgae species have been shown to be a lucrative source of EPA, DHA, and protein, in particular, the oleaginous microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. This study aimed to compare different cultivation scenarios of Nannochloropsis sp. and P. tricornutum with the production of aquaculture and capture fish as traditional sources of EPA and DHA in terms of environmental impacts. Scenarios included borosilicate glass and acrylic glass as photobioreactor (PBR) materials, two different tube diameters, and three different cultivation seasons. In these scenarios, carbon dioxide was modeled as an avoided burden. Additionally, all scenarios were modeled with the burdens resulting from carbon dioxide production. Environmental impacts of selected fish species were obtained from systematic literature research. Life cycle assessment following ISO 14040/44 was used to analyze the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, cumulative energy demand, water footprint, and land use. The system boundaries were set from “cradle-to-store,” where the target store is located in Germany. Microalgae biomass as a source of EPA, DHA, and protein was found to have similar or lower environmental impacts than fish fillet from wild capture and aquaculture production when carbon dioxide was modeled as an avoided burden. Microalgae production that included the full burden of carbon dioxide production still caused similar or lower environmental impacts than aquaculture fish. It was found that the distinct microalgae species can significantly influence the results if the comparison is conducted based on nutritional values. Regarding the recommended daily intake of 250–500 mg EPA+DHA, microalgae are an advisable source of nutrients to lessen the environmental pressure on marine ecosystems.

为日益增长的世界人口生产粮食是一个巨大的挑战。特别是蛋白质和长链n-3脂肪酸，二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），它们具有一系列潜在的健康影响，在全球粮食安全的背景下是稀缺资源。野生捕捞和水产养殖生产的鱼不能满足目前对EPA和DHA的需求；因此，补充替代来源至关重要。特定的微藻物种已被证明是EPA，DHA和蛋白质的有利来源，尤其是油质微藻Nannochloropsis sp 。和Phaeodyylum tricornutum。本研究旨在比较不同栽培场景球藻藻。和P. tricornutum就环境影响而言，生产水产养殖并捕获鱼类作为EPA和DHA的传统来源。方案包括作为光生物反应器（PBR）材料的硼硅酸盐玻璃和丙烯酸玻璃，两种不同的管径以及三种不同的栽培季节。在这些情况下，将二氧化碳模拟为避免的负担。此外，所有情景均以二氧化碳生产造成的负担为模型。选定鱼类的环境影响是通过系统的文献研究获得的。根据ISO 14040/44进行的生命周期评估用于分析全球变暖潜力，酸化，富营养化，累积能源需求，水足迹和土地利用。系统边界是从“从商店到商店”设置的，目标商店位于德国。当将二氧化碳建模为可避免的负担时，发现微藻生物质作为EPA，DHA和蛋白质的来源，对环境的影响与野生捕捞和水产养殖生产的鱼片相近或更低。微藻生产（包括二氧化碳的全部负担）所产生的环境影响仍然与水产养殖鱼类相同或更低。已发现，如果根据营养价值进行比较，则不同的微藻物种会显着影响结果。关于建议的每日摄入250-500 mg EPA + DHA，微藻是减少营养对海洋生态系统的压力的可取来源。当将二氧化碳模拟为可避免的负担时，发现蛋白质与野生捕获和水产养殖生产的鱼片相比具有相似或更低的环境影响。微藻生产（包括二氧化碳的全部负担）所产生的环境影响仍然与水产养殖鱼类相同或更低。已发现，如果根据营养价值进行比较，则不同的微藻物种会显着影响结果。关于建议的每日摄入250-500 mg EPA + DHA，微藻是减少营养对海洋生态系统的压力的可取来源。当将二氧化碳模拟为可避免的负担时，发现蛋白质与野生捕获和水产养殖生产的鱼片相比具有相似或更低的环境影响。微藻生产（包括二氧化碳的全部负担）所产生的环境影响仍然与水产养殖鱼类相同或更低。已发现，如果根据营养价值进行比较，则不同的微藻物种会显着影响结果。关于建议的每日摄入250-500 mg EPA + DHA，微藻是减少营养对海洋生态系统的压力的可取来源。微藻生产（包括二氧化碳的全部负担）所产生的环境影响仍然与水产养殖鱼类相同或更低。已发现，如果根据营养价值进行比较，则不同的微藻物种会显着影响结果。关于建议的每日摄入250-500 mg EPA + DHA，微藻是减少营养对海洋生态系统的压力的可取来源。微藻生产（包括二氧化碳的全部负担）所产生的环境影响仍然与水产养殖鱼类相同或更低。已发现，如果根据营养价值进行比较，则不同的微藻物种会显着影响结果。关于建议的每日摄入250-500 mg EPA + DHA，微藻是减少营养对海洋生态系统的压力的可取来源。