Recently, philosophers have come forth with approaches to chemistry based on its actual practice, imparting to it a proper aim and character of its own. These approaches add to the currently growing movement of pluralist philosophies of science. We draw on recent pluralist accounts from (the philosophy of) chemistry and analyse three notions from modern chemical practice and theory (acidity, electronegativity and the concept of element) in terms of these accounts, in order to complement the so far more general pluralist approaches with specific evidence. Our survey reveals that the concept of element indicates conceptual pluralisms in chemistry. that electronegativity illustrates methodological pluralism in determining one and the same concept, and that acidity is an instance of plurality hidden behind ‘one notion’.

中文翻译：

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化学是多元的

最近，哲学家们提出了基于其实际实践的化学方法，赋予它一个适当的目标和它自己的特征。这些方法增加了当前多元化科学哲学运动的增长。我们借鉴了化学（哲学）最近的多元论，并根据这些解释分析了现代化学实践和理论中的三个概念（酸度、电负性和元素概念），以补充迄今为止更普遍的多元论方法有具体证据。我们的调查表明，元素的概念表明化学中的概念多元化。电负性说明了确定同一个概念的方法论多元化，而酸度是隐藏在“一个概念”后面的多元化实例。