Integrated pest management (IPM) has recognized as a sustainable method for pest prevention, monitoring, and control. The purpose of this review article focused on biological control potential and challenges in Afghanistan. Biological control is beginning to increase in Afghanistan, in large part due to the establishment of graduate studies in entomology in 2008. Afghan farmers have restricted knowledge about agrochemicals and mostly use a few conventional chemical pesticides and fertilizers. The development and registration of biological agents as an alternative is a more recent movement. Only a single parasitoid agent and three microbial products were registered or pending registration for commercial use on various crops. Products based on Trichogramma brassicae (Bezdenko 1968) for lepidopteran pests, Trichoderma viride against soil-borne pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Fusarium species are most widely spread. Also, T. viride, Cydia pomonella granulovirus, and Helicoverpa zea nucleopolyhedrovirus registered in 2015. Pesticide registration is the responsibility of the Afghan Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, with the assistance of the Pesticides Division of Plant Protection and Quarantine Department in coordination with the Ministry of Public Health. The pesticide management board of the National Environmental Protection Agency has not yet signed the membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) or the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). Currently, only one foreign company, the National Horticulture and Livestock Project (NHLP), produces microbial pesticides. However, it promised that two more other companies, the Center for Agricultural Bioscience International and the Afghanistan Agriculture Inputs Projects, will start production shortly. This is a review of the brief history of biological control of pests, with a view on current challenges of pest control practices as well the status of the market and the registration procedures for biocontrol agents, along with challenges and opportunities for the development of biocontrol in Afghanistan.

中文翻译：

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阿富汗综合有害生物管理计划中的生物控制机会和局限性

有害生物综合治理（IPM）已被认为是有害生物预防，监测和控制的可持续方法。这篇评论文章的目的集中在阿富汗的生物防治潜力和挑战。阿富汗的生物防治正在开始增加，这在很大程度上是由于2008年建立了昆虫学研究生课程。阿富汗农民对农用化学品的了解有限，并且大多使用一些常规的化学农药和肥料。作为替代物，生物制剂的开发和注册是最近的运动。仅注册了一种寄生虫剂和三种微生物产品，或正在注册中，以用于各种作物的商业用途。基于鳞翅目赤眼蜂（Bezdenko 1968）的产品，用于鳞翅目害虫，针对土壤传播的病原体，包括茄枯萎病菌，菜豆大单胞菌和镰刀菌等的木霉病最广泛传播。此外，2015年注册了vi。T. viride，Cydia pomonella granulovirus和Helicoverpa zea核多角体病毒。农药注册是阿富汗农业，灌溉和畜牧部的职责，在植物保护和检疫部门农药司的协助下，公共卫生部。国家环境保护局的农药管理委员会尚未签署世界贸易组织（WTO）或国际植物保护公约（IPPC）的成员资格。目前，只有一家外国公司，即国家园艺和畜牧业项目（NHLP）生产微生物农药。然而，它承诺另外两个公司，即国际农业生物科学中心和阿富汗农业投入项目，将在短期内开始生产。这是对有害生物生物防治的简要历史的回顾，以期了解目前有害生物防治实践所面临的挑战，市场状况以及生物防治剂的注册程序，以及在该国发展生物防治所面临的挑战和机遇。阿富汗。