Stem cell research has focused on genomic studies. However, recent evidence has indicated the involvement of epigenetic regulation in determining the fate of stem cells. Ribosomes play a crucial role in epigenetic regulation, and thus, we focused on the role of ribosomes in stem cells. Majority of living organisms possess ribosomes that are involved in the translation of mRNA into proteins and promote cellular proliferation and differentiation. Ribosomes are stable molecular machines that play a role with changes in the levels of RNA during translation. Recent research suggests that specific ribosomes actively regulate gene expression in multiple cell types, such as stem cells. Stem cells have the potential for self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages and, thus, require high efficiency of translation. Ribosomes induce cellular transdifferentiation and reprogramming, and disrupted ribosome synthesis affects translation efficiency, thereby hindering stem cell function leading to cell death and differentiation. Stem cell function is regulated by ribosome-mediated control of stem cell-specific gene expression. In this review, we have presented a detailed discourse on the characteristics of ribosomes in stem cells. Understanding ribosome biology in stem cells will provide insights into the regulation of stem cell function and cellular reprogramming.

中文翻译：

---

核糖体：干细胞研究中令人兴奋的大道。

干细胞研究集中在基因组研究上。然而，最近的证据表明表观遗传调控参与确定干细胞的命运。核糖体在表观遗传调控中起着至关重要的作用，因此，我们专注于核糖体在干细胞中的作用。大多数生物体都具有核糖体，这些核糖体参与将mRNA转化为蛋白质并促进细胞增殖和分化。核糖体是稳定的分子机器，在翻译过程中与RNA水平的变化有关。最近的研究表明，特定的核糖体可主动调节多种细胞类型（例如干细胞）中的基因表达。干细胞具有自我更新和分化成多个谱系的潜力，因此需要高效率的翻译。核糖体诱导细胞转分化和重编程，核糖体合成受阻影响翻译效率，从而阻碍干细胞功能导致细胞死亡和分化。干细胞功能由核糖体介导的干细胞特异性基因表达控制。在这篇综述中，我们提出了关于干细胞核糖体特征的详细论述。了解干细胞中的核糖体生物学将提供对干细胞功能调节和细胞重编程的见解。我们已经对干细胞中核糖体的特征进行了详细论述。了解干细胞中的核糖体生物学将提供对干细胞功能调节和细胞重编程的见解。我们已经对干细胞中核糖体的特征进行了详细论述。了解干细胞中的核糖体生物学将提供对干细胞功能调节和细胞重编程的见解。