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Species-specific effects of thermal stress on the expression of genetic variation across a diverse group of plant and animal taxa under experimental conditions
Heredity ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 , DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0338-4
Klaus Fischer 1 , Jürgen Kreyling 2 , Michaël Beaulieu 1 , Ilka Beil 2 , Manuela Bog 2 , Dries Bonte 3 , Stefanie Holm 2 , Sabine Knoblauch 2 , Dustin Koch 2 , Lena Muffler 2 , Pierick Mouginot 1 , Maria Paulinich 1 , J F Scheepens 4 , Raijana Schiemann 1 , Jonas Schmeddes 2 , Martin Schnittler 2 , Gabriele Uhl 1 , Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen 2, 5 , Julia M Weier 1 , Martin Wilmking 2 , Robert Weigel 2 , Phillip Gienapp 6, 7
Affiliation  

Assessing the genetic adaptive potential of populations and species is essential for better understanding evolutionary processes. However, the expression of genetic variation may depend on environmental conditions, which may speed up or slow down evolutionary responses. Thus, the same selection pressure may lead to different responses. Against this background, we here investigate the effects of thermal stress on genetic variation, mainly under controlled laboratory conditions. We estimated additive genetic variance ( V A ), narrow-sense heritability ( h 2 ) and the coefficient of genetic variation ( CV A ) under both benign control and stressful thermal conditions. We included six species spanning a diverse range of plant and animal taxa, and a total of 25 morphological and life-history traits. Our results show that (1) thermal stress reduced fitness components, (2) the majority of traits showed significant genetic variation and that (3) thermal stress affected the expression of genetic variation ( V A , h 2 or CV A ) in only one-third of the cases (25 of 75 analyses, mostly in one clonal species). Moreover, the effects were highly species-specific, with genetic variation increasing in 11 and decreasing in 14 cases under stress. Our results hence indicate that thermal stress does not generally affect the expression of genetic variation under laboratory conditions but, nevertheless, increases or decreases genetic variation in specific cases. Consequently, predicting the rate of genetic adaptation might not be generally complicated by environmental variation, but requires a careful case-by-case consideration.

中文翻译:

在实验条件下,热应激对不同动植物类群遗传变异表达的物种特异性影响

评估种群和物种的遗传适应潜力对于更好地理解进化过程至关重要。然而,遗传变异的表达可能取决于环境条件,这可能会加速或减缓进化反应。因此,相同的选择压力可能导致不同的反应。在此背景下,我们主要在受控的实验室条件下研究热应力对遗传变异的影响。我们估计了良性控制和压力热条件下的加性遗传方差 (VA)、狭义遗传力 (h 2 ) 和遗传变异系数 (CV A )。我们包括了六个物种,涵盖了不同的植物和动物分类群,以及总共 25 种形态和生活史特征。我们的结果表明(1)热应激降低了适应度成分,(2)大多数性状表现出显着的遗传变异,并且(3)热应激仅影响了遗传变异(VA、h 2 或 CV A )的表达。三分之一的病例(75 次分析中的 25 次,主要在一个克隆物种中)。此外,这些影响具有高度的物种特异性,在压力下,遗传变异在 11 例中增加,在 14 例中减少。因此,我们的结果表明,热应力通常不会影响实验室条件下遗传变异的表达,但在特定情况下会增加或减少遗传变异。因此,预测遗传适应率可能不会因环境变化而变得复杂,但需要仔细逐案考虑。(2) 大多数性状显示出显着的遗传变异,并且 (3) 热应激仅在三分之一的情况下影响了遗传变异( VA 、 h 2 或 CV A )的表达(75 次分析中的 25 次,主要在一个克隆种)。此外,这些影响具有高度的物种特异性,在压力下,遗传变异在 11 例中增加,在 14 例中减少。因此,我们的结果表明,热应力通常不会影响实验室条件下遗传变异的表达,但在特定情况下会增加或减少遗传变异。因此,预测遗传适应率可能不会因环境变化而变得复杂,但需要仔细逐案考虑。(2) 大多数性状显示出显着的遗传变异,并且 (3) 热应激仅在三分之一的情况下影响了遗传变异( VA 、 h 2 或 CV A )的表达(75 次分析中的 25 次,主要在一个克隆种)。此外,这些影响具有高度的物种特异性,在压力下,遗传变异在 11 例中增加,在 14 例中减少。因此,我们的结果表明,热应力通常不会影响实验室条件下遗传变异的表达,但在特定情况下会增加或减少遗传变异。因此,预测遗传适应率可能不会因环境变化而变得复杂,但需要仔细逐案考虑。
更新日期:2020-07-06
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