ABSTRACT

Polyacrylonitrile membranes (PAN) have high stability against chemical agents, making them suitable for a wide range of applications as such Ultrafiltration processes. Ultrafiltration membranes composed of PAN/Superfine powder activated carbon (S-PAC) mixtures can be a good research route, aiming the development of a new separation processes for water treatment. The association of materials to form a single product can have technological and economic advantages in separation processes. In this study, S-PAC impregnated into PAN membranes were prepared, characterized and used, as a case study, to remove diclofenac (DCF) from water. The membranes (PAN/S-PAC) were synthesized with different concentrations of S-PAC (0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 wt%) by a phase inversion process. The results of the TEM characterizations of the S-PAC indicated the presence of micro and nanoparticles (∼10 nm) and tending to form micrometric clusters. The infrared spectra of the membranes were characteristic of PAN; however, vibrational bands attributed to the S-PAC spectrum were also observed, which indicated an interaction between the materials. The case study showed an increase in the water flux and in the DCF rejection efficiency, for composite membranes (PAN/S-PAC) with higher concentration of S-PAC. The results of static adsorption tests indicated that the mechanism of DCF rejection occurred predominantly by adsorption. There were indications that the PAN/S-PAC membranes formed a composite material and the PAN/S-PAC (3.0) presented the best study composition given the results. Although the research is in its initial phase, the results indicated that the composition can improve many water treatment systems.

摘要

聚丙烯腈膜 (PAN) 对化学试剂具有很高的稳定性，使其适用于广泛的应用，例如超滤工艺。由 PAN/超细粉末活性炭 (S-PAC) 混合物组成的超滤膜是一条很好的研究路线，旨在开发一种新的水处理分离工艺。将材料组合成单一产品在分离过程中具有技术和经济优势。在本研究中，制备、表征了浸渍到 PAN 膜中的 S-PAC，并将其用作案例研究，以从水中去除双氯芬酸 (DCF)。膜 (PAN/S-PAC) 通过相转化法合成不同浓度的 S-PAC (0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 3.0 和 5.0 wt%)。S-PAC 的 TEM 表征结果表明存在微米和纳米粒子 (~10 nm) 并倾向于形成微米级簇。膜的红外光谱具有PAN的特征；然而，也观察到归因于 S-PAC 光谱的振动带，这表明材料之间存在相互作用。案例研究表明，对于具有较高浓度 S-PAC 的复合膜 (PAN/S-PAC)，水通量和 DCF 截留效率增加。静态吸附试验结果表明，DCF的脱除机理主要是吸附。有迹象表明，PAN/S-PAC 膜形成了一种复合材料，并且 PAN/S-PAC (3.0) 给出了最好的研究组合物。虽然研究还处于起步阶段，