Agroforestry systems have multifunctional roles in enhancing agronomic productivity, co-production of diversity of food and non-food products and provision of ecosystem services. The knowledge of the performance of agroforestry systems compared with monoculture is scarce and scattered. Hence, the objective of the study was to analyze the agronomic productivity and economic viability of diverse agroforestry systems in Europe. A network of five agroforestry systems integrating arable crops, livestock and biomass trees was investigated to assess the range of agricultural products in each agroforestry system. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was used to measure the agronomic productivity, whereas gross margin was used as an indicator for economic viability assessment. LER values ranged from 1.36–2.00, indicating that agroforestry systems were more productive by 36–100% compared to monocultures. Agroforestry gross margin was lower in Denmark (€112 ha−1 year−1) compared to United Kingdom (€5083 ha−1 year−1) and the crop component yielded higher returns compared to negative returns from the tree component in agroforestry. Hence, the study provided robust field-based evidence on agronomic productivity and economic viability assessment of agroforestry systems in diverse contexts for informed decision making by land managers, advisory services, farmers and policymakers.

中文翻译：

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用于食品和非食品产品可持续生产的农林业系统的生产力和经济评估

农林业系统在提高农艺生产力、食物和非食物产品多样性的共同生产以及生态系统服务的提供方面具有多功能作用。与单一栽培相比，关于农林业系统性能的知识是稀缺和分散的。因此，该研究的目的是分析欧洲不同农林复合系统的农艺生产力和经济可行性。研究了一个由五个农林系统组成的网络，该网络集成了可耕作作物、牲畜和生物质树，以评估每个农林系统中农产品的范围。土地当量比 (LER) 用于衡量农艺生产力，而毛利率用作经济可行性评估的指标。LER 值范围为 1.36–2.00，表明与单一栽培相比，农林业系统的生产力提高了 36-100%。与英国（5083 公顷-1 年-1）相比，丹麦的农林业毛利率较低（112 公顷-1 年-1），与农林业中树木部分的负回报相比，作物部分的回报更高。因此，该研究为土地管理者、咨询服务、农民和政策制定者在不同背景下对农林业系统的农艺生产力和经济可行性评估提供了强有力的实地证据。