Symbiotic relationships between corals and their associated micro‐organisms are essential to maintain host homeostasis. Coral‐associated bacteria (CAB) can have different beneficial roles in the coral metaorganism, such as metabolizing essential nutrients for the coral host and protecting the coral from pathogens. Many CAB exert these functions via secondary metabolites, which include antibacterial, antifouling, antitumour, antiparasitic and antiviral compounds. This review describes how analysis of CAB has led to the discovery of secondary metabolites with potential biotechnological applications. The most commonly found types of secondary metabolites, antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds, are emphasized and described. Recently developed methods that can be applied to enhance the culturing of CAB from shallow‐water reefs and the less‐studied deep‐sea coral reefs are also discussed. Last, we suggest how the combined use of meta‐omics and innovative growth‐diffusion techniques can vastly improve the discovery of novel compounds in coral environments.

中文翻译：

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珊瑚相关细菌产生的次生代谢产物的生态和生物技术重要性。

珊瑚与其相关微生物之间的共生关系对于维持宿主体内稳态至关重要。珊瑚相关细菌（CAB）在珊瑚生物中具有不同的有益作用，例如为珊瑚宿主代谢必需的营养素并保护珊瑚免受病原体侵害。许多CAB通过次级代谢物发挥这些功能，这些次级代谢物包括抗菌，防污，抗肿瘤，抗寄生虫和抗病毒化合物。这篇综述描述了CAB的分析如何导致具有潜在生物技术应用的次生代谢产物的发现。强调和描述了最常见的次级代谢产物类型，即抗微生物和抗生物膜化合物。还讨论了可用于增强浅水礁和研究较少的深海珊瑚礁的CAB养殖的最新开发方法。最后，我们建议结合使用组基因组学和创新的生长扩散技术可以极大地改善珊瑚环境中新化合物的发现。