Over the last two decades, an abundance of research has explored the impact of fatiguing locomotor exercise on the neuromuscular system. Neurostimulation techniques have been implemented prior to and following locomotor exercise tasks of a wide variety of intensities, durations, and modes. These techniques have allowed for the assessment of alterations occurring within the central nervous system and the muscle, while techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and spinal electrical stimulation have permitted further segmentalization of locomotor exercise‐induced changes along the motor pathway. To this end, the present review provides a comprehensive synopsis of the literature pertaining to neuromuscular responses to locomotor exercise. Sections of the review were divided to discuss neuromuscular responses to maximal, severe, heavy and moderate intensity, high‐intensity intermittent exercise, and differences in neuromuscular responses between exercise modalities. During maximal and severe intensity exercise, alterations in neuromuscular function reside primarily within the muscle. Although post‐exercise reductions in voluntary activation following maximal and severe intensity exercise are generally modest, several studies have observed alterations occurring at the cortical and/or spinal level. During prolonged heavy and moderate intensity exercise, impairments in contractile function are attenuated with respect to severe intensity exercise, but are still widely observed. While reductions in voluntary activation are greater during heavy and moderate intensity exercise, the specific alterations occurring within the central nervous system remain unclear. Further work utilizing stimulation techniques during exercise and integrating new and emerging techniques such as high‐density electromyography is warranted to provide further insight into neuromuscular responses to locomotor exercise.

中文翻译：

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神经肌肉对疲劳运动运动的反应。

在过去的二十年里，大量的研究探索了疲劳运动对神经肌肉系统的影响。神经刺激技术已经在各种强度、持续时间和模式的运动锻炼任务之前和之后实施。这些技术允许评估中枢神经系统和肌肉内发生的改变，而经颅磁刺激和脊柱电刺激等技术允许进一步细分运动运动引起的沿运动通路的变化。为此，本综述提供了与神经肌肉对运动运动反应有关的文献的全面概要。评论的各个部分被划分为讨论对最大、严重、重和中等强度、高强度间歇性运动以及运动方式之间神经肌肉反应的差异。在最大强度和剧烈强度运动期间，神经肌肉功能的改变主要存在于肌肉内。尽管在最大强度和剧烈强度运动后运动后自主激活的减少通常是适度的，但一些研究观察到皮层和/或脊柱水平发生了改变。在长时间的重度和中等强度运动中，收缩功能的损伤相对于剧烈运动会减弱，但仍被广泛观察到。虽然在重度和中等强度运动中自愿激活的减少更大，但中枢神经系统内发生的具体变化仍不清楚。