Atmospheric CO2 levels and global temperatures are expected to rise in the next decades, and viticulture must face these changes. Within this context, exploiting the intra-varietal diversity of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) can be a useful tool for the adaptation of this crop to climate change. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of elevated temperature and elevated levels of atmospheric CO2, both individually and combined, on the growth, phenology and carbon partitioning of five clones of the cultivar Tempranillo (RJ43, CL306, T3, VN31 and 1084). The hypothesis that clones within the same variety that differ in their phenological development may respond in a different manner to the above mentioned environmental factors from a physiological point of view was tested. Grapevine fruit-bearing cuttings were grown from fruit set to maturity under two temperature regimes: ambient (T) vs elevated (ambient + 4°C, T + 4), combined with two CO2 levels: ambient (ca. 400 ppm, ACO2) vs elevated (700 ppm, ECO2), in temperature-gradient greenhouses (TGGs). Considering all the clones, elevated temperature hastened grape development and increased vegetative growth, but reduced grape production, the later most likely associated with the heat waves recorded during the experiment. Plants in the elevated CO2 treatments showed a higher photosynthetic activity at veraison and an increased vegetative growth, but they showed signs of photosynthetic acclimation to ECO2 at maturity according to the C:N ratio, especially when combined with high temperature. The combination of ECO2 and T + 4, mimicking climate change environmental conditions, showed additive effects in some of the parameters analyzed. The clones showed differences in their phenological development, which conditioned some responses to elevated CO2 and temperature in terms of vegetative production and C partitioning into different organs. The work adds new knowledge on the use of different grapevine clones, that can be useful to improve the viticultural efficiency in future climate change scenarios.

中文翻译：

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模拟气候变化情景下葡萄柚克隆的生长性能和碳分配：二氧化碳和温度升高

预计未来几十年大气 CO2 水平和全球气温将上升，葡萄栽培必须面对这些变化。在此背景下，利用葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）的品种内多样性可以成为使该作物适应气候变化的有用工具。本工作的目的是研究升高的温度和升高的大气 CO2 水平，单独和组合对栽培品种丹魄（RJ43、CL306、T3、VN31 和 VN31）的五个克隆的生长、物候和碳分配的影响。 1084）。从生理学的角度来看，同一品种中的克隆在物候发育方面不同，可能以不同的方式对上述环境因素作出反应，这一假设得到了检验。葡萄果实插条在两种温度条件下从坐果到成熟生长：环境 (T) 与升高（环境 + 4°C，T + 4），结合两种 CO2 水平：环境（约 400 ppm，ACO2）与温度梯度温室 (TGG) 中升高的 (700 ppm, ECO2) 相比。考虑到所有克隆，升高的温度会加速葡萄的发育并增加营养生长，但会降低葡萄的产量，后者最有可能与实验期间记录的热浪有关。高 CO2 处理的植物在 veraison 时表现出更高的光合活性和增加的营养生长，但根据 C:N 比，它们在成熟时表现出光合适应 ECO2 的迹象，尤其是在与高温结合时。ECO2和T+4的结合，模仿气候变化环境条件，在一些分析的参数中显示出附加效应。这些克隆在物候发育方面表现出差异，这在营养生产和 C 分配到不同器官方面调节了对升高的 CO2 和温度的一些反应。这项工作增加了有关使用不同葡萄无性系的新知识，这有助于提高未来气候变化情景中的葡萄栽培效率。