Abstract Boiling is regarded as the most efficient process for heat transfer, which received great attention for the usage in wide range of applications. Hence, many efforts have focused on improving the pool boiling process by varying the physical and chemical characteristics of the surfaces through different procedures such as generating porosity and enhancing wettability. This paper, presents an experimental investigation of improved pool boiling performance of distilled water in atmospheric pressure through four-step electrodeposition of micro/nano porous on patterned copper surfaces. Before the initiation of electrodeposition process, the samples are etched through photolithography procedure. The surfaces are analyzed by the images of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), also open and interconnected porous surfaces, which are covered by micro grains of different sizes are observed. Moreover, the influence of different parameters including etched surfaces, strip pattern, checkered pattern as well as the effective area of the surface have been evaluated. The obtained experimental results revealed the enhanced heat flux as a result of capillarity performance of the surface, which was compatible with the increase in the heat flux. Furthermore, the increased bubbles departure frequency besides the amplified nucleation sites density (NSD) in accordance with the augmented effective surface and porosity were demonstrated. Additionally, it was found that the maximum heat flux and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) equal to the respective values of 112.4 W/cm2 and 16.1 W/K.cm2 were attributed to the four-step electro-deposited porous surfaces at room temperature. Hence, approximately 181% enhancement was achieved compared to the usage of plain surface.

中文翻译：

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使用四步电沉积微/纳米结构多孔表面在蒸馏水中增加池沸腾的实验研究

摘要 沸腾被认为是最有效的传热过程，在广泛的应用中受到了极大的关注。因此，许多努力都集中在通过不同的程序改变表面的物理和化学特性来改进池沸腾过程，例如产生孔隙率和增强润湿性。本文介绍了通过在图案化铜表面上四步电沉积微/纳米孔来改善常压下蒸馏水池沸腾性能的实验研究。在开始电沉积过程之前，样品通过光刻程序进行蚀刻。表面通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 的图像进行分析，还有开放和互连的多孔表面，观察到被不同大小的微颗粒覆盖。此外，还评估了不同参数的影响，包括蚀刻表面、条形图案、方格图案以及表面的有效面积。获得的实验结果表明，由于表面的毛细管性能，热通量增强，这与热通量的增加相适应。此外，除了根据增加的有效表面和孔隙率放大的成核位点密度 (NSD) 外，还证明了气泡离开频率的增加。此外，发现最大热通量和传热系数 (HTC) 分别等于 112.4 W/cm2 和 16.1 W/K.cm2 归因于室温下四步电沉积多孔表面。因此，