Abstract Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is regarded as one of the most important models describing teachers' competencies for successfully teaching with technology. TPACK is most frequently assessed by means of self-report questionnaires, which beside their inherent methodological limitations present constraints related either to the validity, reliability, or practical applicability of existing instruments. Furthermore, the internal structure of the TPACK framework is a topic of debate. The two goals of this study were (1) to develop a valid and reliable short questionnaire for measuring TPACK (TPACK.xs), and (2) to use this instrument to investigate TPACK's internal relations, assessing whether the framework reflects an integrative or a transformative view regarding how the TPACK knowledge domains interact. An initial questionnaire of 42 items was administered to 117 pre-service upper secondary school teachers. Reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to reduce the number of items per subscale and fit the model. Structural equation modelling investigated the internal relations between components. Results show that the final TPACK.xs questionnaire, consisting of 28 items, can be considered a valid and reliable instrument for assessing pre-service teachers' TPACK. Furthermore, the internal relations of knowledge components support a transformative view of the TPACK model.

中文翻译：

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技术教学内容知识（TPACK）的有效自我报告措施：在职前教师中构建可靠有效的短期量表

摘要 技术教学内容知识（TPACK）被认为是描述教师成功运用技术教学能力的最重要模型之一。TPACK 最常通过自我报告问卷进行评估，除了其固有的方法学局限性之外，还存在与现有工具的有效性、可靠性或实际适用性相关的限制。此外，TPACK 框架的内部结构是一个有争议的话题。本研究的两个目标是 (1) 开发一个有效且可靠的简短问卷来衡量 TPACK (TPACK.xs)，以及 (2) 使用该工具调查 TPACK 的内部关系，评估该框架是否反映了综合性或关于 TPACK 知识域如何交互的变革性观点。对 117 名职前高中教师进行了 42 个项目的初始问卷调查。使用信度分析和验证性因子分析来减少每个分量表的项目数并拟合模型。结构方程模型研究了组件之间的内部关系。结果表明，最终的 TPACK.xs 问卷由 28 个项目组成，可以被认为是评估职前教师 TPACK 的有效且可靠的工具。此外，知识组件的内部关系支持 TPACK 模型的转换视图。结构方程模型研究了组件之间的内部关系。结果表明，最终的 TPACK.xs 问卷由 28 个项目组成，可以被认为是评估职前教师 TPACK 的有效且可靠的工具。此外，知识组件的内部关系支持 TPACK 模型的转换视图。结构方程模型研究了组件之间的内部关系。结果表明，最终的 TPACK.xs 问卷由 28 个项目组成，可以被认为是评估职前教师 TPACK 的有效且可靠的工具。此外，知识组件的内部关系支持 TPACK 模型的转换视图。