Abstract Photosynthetic active green leaves from grasses, legumes and other plants contain in general high amounts of proteins, which can be utilized by ruminants or in many cases are wasted. Extraction of proteins from leaves represents an attractive solution to the increasing demand for protein-rich feed for monogastric animals, while decreasing the dependency on soybean imports. Furthermore, there is an increasing demand for organic products produced without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides or other artificial chemicals. Leaf proteins extracted from organically grown crops, especially legumes could be attractive as animal feed. Even though a lot of research was carried out in this field previously, recent technological development and biotechnological advances together with the increasing demand may facilitate the industrial implementation of leaf protein extraction processes nowadays. This review focuses on the concept of leaf protein and its history, the different methods for the extraction of proteins from leaves, and the nutritional value of the leaf protein concentrates for feeding monogastric animals. Furthermore, the review focuses on the potential integration of leaf protein extraction within green biorefineries, where freshly harvested leafy plant material is processed into a broad range of products, including feed, food, chemicals, materials and biofuels. The integration of production of leaf protein concentrates within green biorefineries will encourage the establishment of production facilities, also focusing on utilization of the different residue streams. Thereby such green biorefineries can contribute to the development of more self-sufficient and sustainable agricultural systems in Europe.

中文翻译：

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在绿色生物精炼厂生产叶蛋白浓缩物作为单胃动物的替代饲料

摘要 草、豆类和其他植物的光合活性绿叶通常含有大量蛋白质，这些蛋白质可以被反刍动物利用，或者在许多情况下被浪费掉。从叶子中提取蛋白质是解决单胃动物对富含蛋白质的饲料日益增长的需求的一种有吸引力的解决方案，同时减少对大豆进口的依赖。此外，对不使用化肥、杀虫剂或其他人工化学品生产的有机产品的需求不断增加。从有机作物中提取的叶蛋白，尤其是豆类，作为动物饲料很有吸引力。尽管之前在该领域进行了大量研究，最近的技术发展和生物技术进步以及不断增长的需求可能会促进当今叶蛋白提取工艺的工业实施。本综述重点介绍叶蛋白的概念及其历史、从叶中提取蛋白质的不同方法，以及叶蛋白浓缩物用于喂养单胃动物的营养价值。此外，审查的重点是叶蛋白提取在绿色生物精炼厂中的潜在整合，在那里，新鲜收获的多叶植物材料被加工成广泛的产品，包括饲料、食品、化学品、材料和生物燃料。在绿色生物精炼厂内整合叶蛋白浓缩物的生产将鼓励建立生产设施，还侧重于不同残留物流的利用。因此，这种绿色生物精炼厂可以促进欧洲更加自给自足和可持续的农业系统的发展。