Abstract

According to the data on the Y-chromosome polymorphism, an assessment of the influence of two factors (tribal (clan) and administrative (kozhuuns) subdivision) on the structure of the gene pool of Tuvans is provided. The ten most common Tuvan clans (Ak, Baraan, Irgit, Kol, Kyrgyz, Mongush, Oorzhak, Oyun, Khertek, Choodu) are included in this analysis. They cover two-thirds of the total sample (N = 545) of Tuvans from six kozhuuns (Barun-Khemchiksky, Tandinsky, Tere-Kholsky, Todzhinsky, Chaa-Kholsky, Erzinsky). Genetic portraits of clans created on the basis of 52 SNP markers of the Y chromosome reveal the founder effect for all clans, except the two largest—Kyrgyz and Mongush. Making up one-third of the sample, these two clans are conglomerates. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates an equal degree of genetic separation of clans (5.2%) and kozhuuns (6.8%). But the Mantel test detects a high correlation (r = 0.50) between the genetic and clan structure against the low correlation (r = 0.25) between the genetic and geographical distances. The reason for the difference between the AMOVA and Mantel test lies in the fact that the four most numerous kozhuuns are “monoclan,” in which one clan prevails, and only two kozhuuns (Todzhinsky and Tere-Kholsky) include representatives of three different clans. The selection of the western and eastern clusters on the graph of multidimensional scaling fits in well with the anthropological data (Sayansky and Katangsky anthropological types), but does not confirm any of the ethnographic versions of the Tuvan ethnogenesis (“Samoyedic,” “Mongolian,” “Turkic”). The sum of results indicates that the tribal structure most fully reflects the architectonics of the Tuvan gene pool, and for this reason, it must be taken into account in population genetic research.

中文翻译：

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Y染色体标记分析Tu族的氏族结构

摘要

根据有关Y染色体多态性的数据，评估了两个因素（部落（氏族）和行政（kozhuuns）细分）对Tuvans基因库结构的影响。该分析包括十个最常见的图凡族（Ak，Baraan，Irgit，Kol，吉尔吉斯斯坦，Mongush，Oorzhak，Oyun，Khertek，Choodu）。它们覆盖了总样本的三分之二（N= 545）来自六个kozhuuns（Barun-Khemchiksky，Tandinsky，Tere-Kholsky，Todzhinsky，Chaa-Kholsky，Erzinsky）的Tuvans。根据Y染色体的52个SNP标记创建的氏族的遗传肖像揭示了除两个最大的氏族（吉尔吉斯和Mongush）外所有氏族的创始人效应。这两个氏族占企业样本的三分之一。分子变异分析（AMOVA）表明，氏族（5.2％）和kozhuuns（6.8％）的基因分离程度相同。但Mantel检验检测具有高相关性（ř针对低相关性的遗传和家族结构（=之间0.50）- [R= 0.25）之间的遗传距离和地理距离。AMOVA和Mantel测试之所以不同的原因在于，事实是，最多的四个kozhuun是“ monoclan”，其中一个氏族占优势，只有两个kozhuun（Todzhinsky和Tere-Kholsky）包括三个不同氏族的代表。在多维标度图上选择的西部和东部聚类与人类学数据（Sayansky和Katangsky人类学类型）非常吻合，但并未确认Tuvan民族起源的任何人种学版本（“ Samoyedic”，“蒙古语， ”“突厥语”）。结果的总和表明，部落结构最充分地反映了Tuvan基因库的结构，因此，在种群遗传研究中必须考虑到这一点。