Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a worldwide concern for many years now. This is due to the fact that AD is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects quality of life. Failure of some Phase II/III clinical trials in AD targeting accumulation of β-amyloid in the brain has led to an increase in interest in studying alternative treatments against tubulin-associated unit (Tau) pathology. These alternative treatments include active and passive immunisation. Based on numerous studies, Tau is reported as a potential immunotherapeutic target for tauopathy-related diseases including AD. Accumulation and aggregation of hyperphosphorylated Tau as neuropil threads and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are pathological hallmarks of AD. Both active and passive immunisation targeting Tau protein have shown the capabilities to decrease or prevent Tau pathology and improve either motor or cognitive impairment in various animal models. In this review, we summarise recent advances in active and passive immunisation targeting pathological Tau protein, and will discuss with data obtained from both animal and human trials. Together, we give a brief overview about problems being encountered in these immunotherapies.

多年来，阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 一直是全球关注的问题。这是因为 AD 是一种影响生活质量的不可逆和进行性神经退行性疾病。一些针对大脑中 β-淀粉样蛋白积累的 AD 的 II/III 期临床试验的失败导致人们对研究针对微管蛋白相关单位 (Tau) 病理学的替代疗法的兴趣增加。这些替代治疗包括主动和被动免疫。根据大量研究，Tau 被报道为包括 AD 在内的 tau 病相关疾病的潜在免疫治疗靶点。作为神经纤维丝和神经原纤维缠结 (NFT) 的过度磷酸化 Tau 的积累和聚集是 AD 的病理标志。在各种动物模型中，针对 Tau 蛋白的主动和被动免疫都显示出减少或预防 Tau 病理学和改善运动或认知障碍的能力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了针对病理性 Tau 蛋白的主动和被动免疫的最新进展，并将讨论从动物和人体试验中获得的数据。我们一起简要概述了这些免疫疗法中遇到的问题。