Parkinson’s disease (PD) with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) is currently diagnosed based on an arbitrarily predefined standard deviation of neuropsychological test scores, and more objective biomarkers for PD-MCI diagnosis are needed. The purpose of this study was to define possible brain perfusion-based biomarkers of not only mild cognitive impairment, but also risky gene carriers in PD using arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI). Fifteen healthy controls (HC), 26 cognitively normal PD (PD-CN), and 27 PD-MCI subjects participated in this study. ASL-MRI data were acquired by signal targeting with alternating radio-frequency labeling with Look–Locker sequence at 3 T. Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping for rs9468 [microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) H1/H1 versus H1/H2 haplotype] was performed using a Stratagene Mx3005p real-time polymerase chain-reaction system (Agilent Technologies, USA). There were 15 subjects with MAPT H1/H1 and 11 subjects with MAPT H1/H2 within PD-MCI, and 33 subjects with MAPT H1/H1 and 19 subjects with MAPT H1/H2 within all PD. Voxel-wise differences of cerebral blood flow (CBF) values between HC, PD-CN and PD-MCI were assessed by one-way analysis of variance followed by pairwise post hoc comparisons. Further, the subgroup of PD patients carrying the risky MAPT H1/H1 haplotype was compared with noncarriers (MAPT H1/H2 haplotype) in terms of CBF by a two-sample t test. A pattern that could be summarized as “posterior hypoperfusion” (PH) differentiated the PD-MCI group from the HC group with an accuracy of 92.6% (sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 93%). Additionally, the PD patients with MAPT H1/H1 haplotype had decreased perfusion than the ones with H1/H2 haplotype at the posterior areas of the visual network (VN), default mode network (DMN), and dorsal attention network (DAN). The PH-type pattern in ASL-MRI could be employed as a biomarker of both current cognitive impairment and future cognitive decline in PD.

目前，帕金森病（PD）伴轻度认知障碍（PD-MCI）的诊断是基于任意预定义的神经心理学测试分数标准差，需要更客观的生物标志物用于 PD-MCI 诊断。本研究的目的是使用动脉自旋标记磁共振成像 (ASL-MRI) 确定可能的基于脑灌注的生物标志物，不仅是轻度认知障碍，而且是 PD 中风险基因携带者。15 名健康对照 (HC)、26 名认知正常的 PD (PD-CN) 和 27 名 PD-MCI 受试者参与了这项研究。ASL-MRI 数据是通过信号靶向和交替射频标记与 3 T 的 Look–Locker 序列获得的。 rs9468 [微管相关蛋白 tau ( MAPT) 的单核苷酸多态性基因分型) H1/H1 与 H1/H2 单倍型] 使用 Stratagene Mx3005p 实时聚合酶链反应系统 (Agilent Technologies, USA) 进行。有15名受试者与MAPT H1 / H1和11名受试者MAPT PD-MCI内H1 / H2和33名受试者MAPT H1 / H1和19名受试者MAPT所有PD内H1 / H2。HC、PD-CN 和 PD-MCI 之间脑血流 (CBF) 值的体素差异通过单向方差分析和成对事后比较进行评估。此外，携带危险MAPT H1/H1 单倍型的 PD 患者亚组与非携带者（MAPT H1/H2 单倍型）在 CBF 方面通过两个样本t 进行比较测试。一种可以概括为“后灌注不足”（PH）的模式以 92.6% 的准确度将 PD-MCI 组与 HC 组区分开来（敏感性 = 93%，特异性 = 93%）。此外，在视觉网络 (VN)、默认模式网络 (DMN) 和背侧注意网络 (DAN) 的后部区域，具有MAPT H1/H1 单倍型的 PD 患者的灌注低于具有 H1/H2 单倍型的患者。ASL-MRI 中的 PH 型模式可用作当前认知障碍和未来 PD 认知能力下降的生物标志物。