In this study, a 100 m 2 steel tank was used to simulate transformer oil fires, with an aim of investigating the burning characteristics of a large-scale pool fire. To recover a real thermal state of transformer oil in operation, a heating system was employed to raise the initial fuel temperature. In total, three fire-extinguishing tests were performed using two delivery methods, i.e., a hand-held fire water branch (FWB) and fire water monitor (FWM) to understand their performance in fighting large-scale pool fires. The extinguishing activities using the FWB method were conducted by four trained firefighters, and the FWM was operated by a trained firefighter. Also, a sequence of bench-scale tests was conducted to investigate the impact of initial fuel temperature on the mass burning rate of transformer oil pool fires. This part is a supplement to the large-scale tests. The results demonstrated that the temperatures adjacent to the tank border were reduced as the vertical height increased. The growth rate of the flame height was enhanced in the development stage when the initial fuel temperature was pre-heated to a higher value. Meanwhile, it was found that the burning rate of transformer oil pool fire occurred a slight increase with the initial fuel temperature was grown according to the bench-scale data, while the impact of initial temperature was limited within the tested temperature range. In addition, it was shown that the FWB and FWM were both effective for fighting a large-scale transformer oil pool fire. However, their efficiency was influenced significantly by the concentration of the extinguishing agents and the application density of delivery. In contrast, the FWM might be a good choice when considering the safety of firefighters, because its delivery range is greater and extinguishing time is shorter as compared to the FWB. Here, it shall be noted that the FWM has also its flipsides. Sometimes, the application of a single FWM is not well to extinguish the corner fire or other fire types, in such cases, the FWM strategy should be to use two or more fire trucks in order to cover the whole accident pool.

中文翻译：

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大型变压器油池火灾不同灭火方法燃烧特性的试验研究

在本研究中，使用 100 m 2 钢罐模拟变压器油火灾，目的是研究大规模水池火灾的燃烧特性。为了恢复运行中变压器油的真实热状态，采用加热系统来提高初始燃料温度。使用手持式消防水支管 (FWB) 和消防水监测仪 (FWM) 两种交付方式，总共进行了三项灭火测试，以了解它们在扑灭大规模水池火灾方面的表现。使用 FWB 方法的灭火活动由四名训练有素的消防员进行，FWM 由一名训练有素的消防员操作。此外，还进行了一系列小规模试验，以研究初始燃料温度对变压器油池火灾质量燃烧率的影响。这部分是对大规模测试的补充。结果表明，随着垂直高度的增加，靠近储罐边界的温度会降低。当初始燃料温度预热到较高值时，火焰高度的增长速度在发展阶段得到增强。同时，根据试验数据发现，随着燃料初始温度的增加，变压器油池火灾的燃烧速度略有增加，而初始温度的影响限制在测试温度范围内。此外，还表明 FWB 和 FWM 都可以有效扑灭大型变压器油池火灾。然而，它们的效率受到灭火剂浓度和输送密度的显着影响。相比之下，考虑到消防员的安全，FWM 可能是一个不错的选择，因为与 FWB 相比，它的输送范围更大，灭火时间更短。这里需要注意的是，FWM 也有其反面。有时，单个FWM的应用并不能很好地扑灭角落火灾或其他类型的火灾，在这种情况下，FWM策略应该是使用两辆或更多辆消防车来覆盖整个事故池。