Zero frequency filtering (ZFF) is a well-explored technique for detecting glottal closure instants (GCIs) from the speech signal. The features extracted from the ZFF of the speech signal have also been used for many speech-based applications. Zero frequency resonators used in the infinite impulse response (IIR) realization of ZFF are unstable filters. Consequently, the filter output grows or decays in an unbounded manner. In the finite impulse response (FIR) realization of ZFF, the filter instability problem is address by using more adders and multipliers. In this paper, a simplified stable IIR realization of ZFF (SIIR-ZFF) is proposed for efficient hardware implementation. The SIIR-ZFF requires significantly less hardware than the earlier reported IIR-ZFF as well as FIR-ZFF. Performance of the proposed approach for the task of detecting GCIs from speech signal is found to be almost equivalent to that of the conventional IIR-ZFF. The hardware architecture for the proposed approach is designed and implemented on FPGA.

中文翻译：

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硬件实现的零频滤波器的简化实现

零频率滤波 (ZFF) 是一种经过充分探索的技术，用于从语音信号中检测声门闭合时刻 (GCI)。从语音信号的 ZFF 中提取的特征也已用于许多基于语音的应用程序。ZFF 的无限脉冲响应 (IIR) 实现中使用的零频率谐振器是不稳定滤波器。因此，滤波器输出以无限的方式增长或衰减。在 ZFF 的有限脉冲响应 (FIR) 实现中，通过使用更多的加法器和乘法器来解决滤波器不稳定问题。在本文中，提出了一种简化的 ZFF 稳定 IIR 实现（SIIR-ZFF），以实现高效的硬件实现。与之前报道的 IIR-ZFF 和 FIR-ZFF 相比，SIIR-ZFF 需要的硬件要少得多。发现所提出的从语音信号检测 GCI 任务的方法的性能几乎等同于传统的 IIR-ZFF。所提出方法的硬件架构是在 FPGA 上设计和实现的。