Blockchain technology has gained tremendous popularity both in practice and academia. The goal of this article is to develop a coherent overview of the state of the art in blockchain technology, using a systematic (i.e., protocol-based, replicable), multivocal (i.e., featuring both white and grey literature alike) literature review to (1) define blockchain technology, (2) elaborate on its architecture options and (3) tradeoffs, as well as to understand (4) the current applications and challenges, as evident from the state of the art. We derive a systematic definition of blockchain technology, based on a formal concept analysis. Further, we flesh out an overview of blockchain technology elaborated by means of Grounded-Theory.

中文翻译：

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区块链

区块链技术在实践和学术界都获得了极大的普及。本文的目的是对区块链技术的最新技术进行连贯的概述，使用系统的（即，基于协议的，可复制的），多声部（即，以白色和灰色文献为特色）文献回顾以（1）定义区块链技术，（2）详细说明其架构选项和（3）权衡，以及了解（4）当前的应用和挑战，如从现有技术中可以看出。我们基于正式的概念分析得出了区块链技术的系统定义。此外，我们充实了通过扎根理论阐述的区块链技术概述。