Self-regeneration is a fundamental function of all living systems. Here we demonstrate molecular self-regeneration in a synthetic cell model. By implementing a minimal transcription- translation system within microfluidic reactors, the system was able to regenerate essential protein components from DNA templates and sustained synthesis activity for over a day. By mapping genotype-phenotype landscapes combined with computational modeling we found that minimizing resource competition and optimizing resource allocation are both critically important for achieving robust system function. With this understanding, we achieved simultaneous regeneration of multiple proteins by determining the required DNA ratios necessary for sustained self-regeneration. This work introduces a conceptual and experimental framework for the development of a self-replicating synthetic cell.

中文翻译：

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自再生合成细胞模型

自我再生是所有生命系统的基本功能。在这里，我们展示了合成细胞模型中的分子自我再生。通过在微流体反应器中实施最小限度的转录-翻译系统，该系统能够从DNA模板中再生必需的蛋白质成分，并持续一天的合成活性。通过映射基因型-表型环境并结合计算模型，我们发现最小化资源竞争和优化资源分配对于实现强大的系统功能都至关重要。基于这种理解，我们通过确定持续自我再生所需的DNA比率，实现了多种蛋白质的同时再生。