Despite the important role of fungi for ecosystems, relatively little is known about the factors underlying the dynamics of their diversity. Moreover, studies do not typically consider their dark diversity: the species absent from an otherwise suitable site. Here, we examined potential drivers of local fungal dark diversity in temperate woodland and open habitats using LiDAR and in-situ field measurements, combined with a systematically collected and geographically comprehensive macro-fungi and plant data set. For the first time, we also estimated species pools of fungi by considering both plant and fungi co-occurrences. The most important LiDAR variables for modelling fungal dark diversity were amplitude and echo ratio, which are both thought to represent vegetation structure. These results suggest that the local fungal dark diversity is highest in production forests like plantations and lowest in more open forests and in open habitats with little woody vegetation. Plant species richness was the strongest explanatory factor overall and negatively correlated with local fungal dark diversity. Soil fertility showed a positive relationship with dark diversity in open habitats. These findings may indicate that the local dark diversity of macro-fungi is highest in areas with a relatively high human impact (typically areas with low plant species richness and high soil fertility). Overall, this study brings novel insights into local macro-fungi dark diversity patterns, suggesting that a multitude of drivers related to both soil and vegetation act in concert to determine fungal dark diversity.

中文翻译：

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激光雷达对大型真菌暗区多样性与生境参数的关系

尽管真菌对生态系统起着重要作用，但人们对其多样性动态的潜在因素知之甚少。此外，研究通常不会考虑它们的黑暗多样性：该物种不在其他合适的地点出现。在这里，我们使用LiDAR和现场实地测量，结合系统收集的和地理上全面的大型真菌和植物数据集，研究了温带林地和开放栖息地中局部真菌暗区多样性的潜在驱动因素。我们还首次通过考虑植物和真菌的共存来估计真菌的物种库。建模真菌暗区多样性最重要的LiDAR变量是振幅和回波比，它们均被认为代表了植被结构。这些结果表明，在诸如人工林这样的生产林中，局部真菌的黑暗多样性最高，而在更开阔的森林和几乎没有木本植物的开放生境中，则最低。总体而言，植物物种丰富度是最强的解释因素，并且与当地真菌的黑暗多样性呈负相关。在开放的生境中，土壤肥力与黑暗多样性呈正相关。这些发现可能表明，在人类影响相对较大的地区（通常是植物物种丰富度低，土壤肥力高的地区），大型真菌的局部黑暗多样性最高。总的来说，这项研究为当地的大型真菌黑暗多样性模式带来了新颖的见解，表明与土壤和植被相关的众多驱动因素共同作用，决定了真菌黑暗多样性。