Abstract

Sodium oxalate is a detergent builder candidate due to its good performance in detergent formulations. However, sodium oxalate softens water by forming precipitates, thus preventing calcium oxalates from depositing on fabrics is a key goal for sodium oxalate-based detergents. Surfactants and builders are two main ingredients in detergents. Here, six anionic surfactants were chosen to study their deposition effects on cotton fabric during washing. Ash deposition analysis was used to evaluate the amount of calcium oxalate deposition on cotton fabric. X-ray diffractometer and scan electron microscope were performed to the study crystal phase and morphological changes of calcium oxalates in the presence of the different anionic surfactants, and the total interaction energy between calcium oxalates and cotton fabric was calculated by Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory in each case. The results showed that different anionic surfactants have a different effect on the ash deposition, primarily that the concentration of surfactants had less influence on the deposition with the exceptions of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonates (SDBS) and sodium methyl ester sulfonates (MES). Anionic surfactants can influence both phase and morphology of calcium oxalates, which might influence the zeta potential of the calcium oxalates. When the calcium oxalates are of the same phase, the deposition amount decreased with increasing maximum total interaction energy (V_Tmax). The greatest decrease in calcium oxalates deposition occurred in the presence of sodium alkyl ether sulfates (AES) and disodium lauryl sulfosuccinates (AEMES), of which V_Tmax is the largest.

摘要

草酸钠因其在洗涤剂配方中的良好性能而成为洗涤剂助剂的候选者。然而，草酸钠通过形成沉淀物来软化水，因此防止草酸钙沉积在织物上是草酸钠基洗涤剂的关键目标。表面活性剂和助洗剂是洗涤剂中的两种主要成分。在这里，选择了六种阴离子表面活性剂来研究它们在洗涤过程中对棉织物的沉积作用。灰分沉积分析用于评估草酸钙沉积在棉织物上的量。X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究了不同阴离子表面活性剂存在下草酸钙的晶相和形态变化，在每种情况下，草酸钙和棉织物之间的总相互作用能通过 Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) 理论计算。结果表明，除十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和甲基酯磺酸钠（MES）外，不同阴离子表面活性剂对灰沉积的影响不同，主要是表面活性剂的浓度对灰沉积的影响较小。阴离子表面活性剂会影响草酸钙的相和形态，这可能会影响草酸钙的 zeta 电位。当草酸钙同相时，沉积量随着最大总相互作用能（V 结果表明，除十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和甲基酯磺酸钠（MES）外，不同阴离子表面活性剂对灰沉积的影响不同，主要是表面活性剂的浓度对灰沉积的影响较小。阴离子表面活性剂会影响草酸钙的相和形态，这可能会影响草酸钙的 zeta 电位。当草酸钙同相时，沉积量随着最大总相互作用能（V 结果表明，除十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和甲基酯磺酸钠（MES）外，不同阴离子表面活性剂对灰沉积的影响不同，主要是表面活性剂的浓度对灰沉积的影响较小。阴离子表面活性剂会影响草酸钙的相和形态，这可能会影响草酸钙的 zeta 电位。当草酸钙同相时，沉积量随着最大总相互作用能（V 这可能会影响草酸钙的 zeta 电位。当草酸钙同相时，沉积量随着最大总相互作用能（V 这可能会影响草酸钙的 zeta 电位。当草酸钙同相时，沉积量随着最大总相互作用能（V_Tmax )。在烷基醚硫酸钠 (AES) 和月桂基磺基琥珀酸二钠 (AEMES) 存在下，草酸钙沉积的减少最大，其中 V _Tmax最大。