International water institutions worldwide consider integrated water resources management (IWRM) to be the most sustainable way to manage water. Governments have modified their legal and institutional framework in order to apply integrated water management tools in the river basin. Institutional challenges are common in federations due to complex power sharing at national and subnational levels. This article discusses the implementation of the hegemonic model of IWRM in federations, based on a review of the literature for two different federal countries: Brazil and Switzerland. Due to the centralized character of Brazilian federalism, adjustments made in recent decades aimed to adapt the water management model through a hegemonic approach of participation and decentralization, shaped by international experiences and institutions. Some challenges concern vertical interplay, concerning coordination between levels and effective implementation of decentralization and participation. In contrast, Switzerland has a non-hegemonic model of water management, which is varied and fragmented throughout the country. As management is decided and applied locally, the main challenge concerns horizontal interplay, with regionalization and coordination of water uses.

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联合会的水资源综合管理：巴西和瑞士的例子

世界各地的国际水资源机构都认为综合水资源管理 (IWRM) 是最可持续的水资源管理方式。政府已经修改了他们的法律和体制框架，以便在流域应用综合水管理工具。由于国家和国家以下各级复杂的权力共享，体制挑战在联邦中很常见。本文基于对两个不同联邦国家（巴西和瑞士）的文献的回顾，讨论了 IWRM 霸权模式在联邦中的实施。由于巴西联邦制的集权特征，近几十年来所做的调整旨在通过国际经验和机构塑造的参与和权力下放的霸权方法来适应水资源管理模式。一些挑战涉及垂直相互作用，涉及各级之间的协调以及权力下放和参与的有效实施。相比之下，瑞士有一个非霸权的水资源管理模式，在全国范围内各不相同且分散。由于管理是在当地决定和应用的，主要挑战涉及横向相互作用，以及水资源利用的区域化和协调。