Sustainability and the optimal provision of the various ecosystem services is an essential task in forest management. In this study, we deal with the optimization of forest tending to achieve the maximal long-term provision of financial incomes from wood at a minimal level of ecological risks for selected small ownership unit. The methods of interactive decision maps and reasonable goals (IDM/RGM) were connected with a modern forest growth simulator to investigate the four-dimensional optimization space and to produce the complete set of Pareto optimal solutions. The four different types of forest owners as potential decision-makers were simulated, and precise management goals in multidimensional target space were defined. Then, the optimal tending system for each forest owner in three stands, differing by the degree of the naturalness of the species composition, was detected. The multi-criteria analysis suggests that predominantly economically oriented forest management still prevails in the Czech and Slovak Republics, which can be as a source of conflicts among forest owners and other stakeholders. The existence of trade-offs between biodiversity, ecological stability and wood production and different owners’ demands must be taken into account. The possibility of balancing the management risks and wood provision according to the owner’s and other stakeholders’ demands with the aid of the easy-to-apply IDM/RGM methods (and the careful assistance of a specialist experienced in multi-criteria optimization) was introduced. At the same time, the application of real integrative management in small forest areas was demonstrated in practice. After the change of paradigm in forest management, the applied methods should prevent increasing conflicts among owners and society in former socialist countries, which have undergone a fundamental transformation in terms of forest ownership in recent decades.

中文翻译：

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使用交互式决策图优化林分抚育权，以根据所有者需求平衡财务收入和生态风险：捷克共和国拉科夫尼克的案例研究

可持续性和各种生态系统服务的最佳提供是森林管理的一项基本任务。在这项研究中，我们处理了森林的优化问题，以使选定的小业主单位能够以最小的生态风险实现木材长期最大的财务收入提供。将交互式决策图和合理目标（IDM / RGM）的方法与现代森林生长模拟器相连接，以研究二维优化空间并产生完整的帕累托最优解。模拟了作为潜在决策者的四种不同类型的森林所有者，并定义了多维目标空间中的精确管理目标。然后，针对三个林分中每个森林所有者的最佳抚育系统，检测到物种组成的自然程度不同。多标准分析表明，捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国仍然主要以经济为导向的森林管理，这可能是森林所有者和其他利益相关者之间发生冲突的根源。必须考虑到生物多样性，生态稳定性和木材产量之间的权衡取舍以及不同所有者的需求。引入了通过易于应用的IDM / RGM方法（以及多标准优化经验丰富的专家的精心协助），根据所有者和其他利益相关者的需求平衡管理风险和木材供应的可能性。 。同时，在实践中证明了真正的综合管理在小林区的应用。