Rapid photogrammetry of morphological traits of free‐ranging moths,Ecological Entomology

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Rapid photogrammetry of morphological traits of free‐ranging moths
Ecological Entomology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 , DOI: 10.1111/een.12907
Mansi Mungee _{1,

2} , Ramana Athreya ₁

Affiliation

Photogrammetric studies of free‐ranging animals are limited to mammals and birds. Recent advances in insect photogrammetry, including 3D imaging, are entirely associated with museum specimens. We present a rapid, simple, accurate, and inexpensive morphometric method targeting thousands of free‐ranging insects attracted to light screens using images taken without collecting a specimen or even constraining the individual in any manner. A reference grid printed on the screen is used to calibrate the images for shape and size without prior knowledge of the camera‐subject configuration. The method requires only inexpensive, off‐the‐shelf, consumer equipment, and freely available programming (R statistical language) and image processing (ImageMagick) tools. We demonstrate the efficacy of the method using a dataset of 3675 images of free‐ranging hawkmoths (Lepidoptera:Sphingidae) imaged in natural repose on a screen. We show that this method introduces no bias and has a high degree of correspondence with traditional morphometry using collected specimens. We also propose error metrics, which quantify the calibration quality and identify images with poor data. Although this method is particularly suited for the hyperdiverse moth community, which dominates the dynamics of many terrestrial ecosystems, it can be used for other phototropic taxa identifiable on an image to (morpho)‐species. It will help in accumulating reliable trait data from hundreds of thousands of individual insects without any expenditure on specimen collection. It is particularly suited for studies which require multi‐epoch, multi‐locate sampling like investigations into ecosystem stability, climate change, and community assembly.

中文翻译：

飞蛾形态特征的快速摄影测量

自由放养动物的摄影测量研究仅限于哺乳动物和鸟类。昆虫摄影测量的最新进展，包括 3D 成像，完全与博物馆标本有关。我们提出了一种快速、简单、准确且廉价的形态测量方法，该方法针对吸引到光幕上的数千种自由放养的昆虫，使用在不收集标本甚至不以任何方式限制个体的情况下拍摄的图像。打印在屏幕上的参考网格用于校准图像的形状和大小，而无需事先了解相机 - 对象配置。该方法只需要廉价的现成消费设备，以及免费提供的编程（R 统计语言）和图像处理（ImageMagick）工具。我们使用 3675 张自由放养的天蛾（鳞翅目：天蛾科）图像的数据集证明了该方法的有效性，这些图像在屏幕上自然静止。我们表明，该方法不会引入任何偏差，并且与使用收集的样本的传统形态测量学具有高度的对应性。我们还提出了误差度量，用于量化校准质量并识别数据不佳的图像。尽管这种方法特别适用于在许多陆地生态系统动态中占主导地位的高度多样化的蛾类群落，但它也可用于在图像上可识别到（形态）物种的其他向光类群。它将有助于从数十万只昆虫中积累可靠的性状数据，而无需花费任何标本采集费用。它特别适合需要多时期的研究，

更新日期：2020-07-03

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