Abstract High operation temperatures in photovolatics (PV) strongly reduce efficiency, reduce panel lifetime, and negatively influence the cost of energy. Here, the convective heat transfer coefficient for a utility-scale solar farm is studied with combined thermal and particle-image-velocimetry measurements in a scaled wind tunnel experiment. Two key factors that have critical roles in modifying the overall efficiency, the turbulent inflow condition and the panel configuration, are investigated. The combination of Reynolds shear stress and buoyancy causes upward flow entrainment, increases the mixing mechanisms and the Nusselt number. Results show how variations in the turbulent inflow can increase the convective heat transfer by at least 7%. Further, increasing the panels inclination angle enhances convection up to an angle of approximately 30°, with more substantial increases measured when the mean flow approaches the solar array from the back.

中文翻译：

---

流向和湍流强度对公用事业规模光伏太阳能发电场传热的影响

摘要 光伏 (PV) 中的高工作温度会大大降低效率，缩短面板寿命，并对能源成本产生负面影响。在这里，公用事业规模的太阳能发电场的对流热传递系数在规模化风洞实验中通过结合热和粒子图像测速测量进行研究。研究了在修改整体效率方面具有关键作用的两个关键因素，即湍流流入条件和面板配置。雷诺剪切应力和浮力的组合导致向上流动夹带，增加混合机制和努塞尔数。结果表明湍流流入的变化如何使对流传热至少增加 7%。此外，增加面板倾斜角可将对流增强到大约 30° 的角度，