Human stampedes have been identified as a major hazard that could occur during pedestrian evacuations around the world. This paper establishes an extended floor field model to study the pedestrian evacuation dynamics during stampedes. The event floor field and a tumble factor are elaborated to describe the influence of stampedes. Different evacuation strategies are proposed to represent the behavioral differences in pedestrians: staying away from the stampede location (S1), following the movement direction of the majority within the perception range (S2), and walking along a wall (S3). We perform numerical simulations to discuss pedestrian evacuation in stampedes. The effects of the pedestrian density, event floor field, stampede location, evacuation strategy, stampede occurrence time and chaos duration on the evacuation efficiency and the number of casualties are analyzed in detail. Our results can provide reference and guidance for developing evacuation strategies for stampedes and reducing casualties.

踩踏事件已被确定为是世界范围内疏散行人时可能发生的主要危险。本文建立了一个扩展的地板场模型，以研究踩踏过程中的行人疏散动力学。详细阐述了事件场域和滚落因子以描述踩踏事件的影响。提出了不同的疏散策略来代表行人的行为差异：远离踩踏位置（S1），遵循感知范围内的大多数人的运动方向（S2），以及沿着墙壁行走（S3）。我们执行数值模拟来讨论踩踏中的行人疏散。行人密度，活动地板区域，踩踏位置，疏散策略的影响，详细分析了踩踏发生时间和混乱持续时间对撤离效率和人员伤亡人数的影响。我们的研究结果可为制定踩踏事件疏散策略和减少人员伤亡提供参考和指导。