Introduction

Planning policies support the development of healthy, liveable cities. Yet, recent research suggests they may not offer enough detail to provide on-the-ground delivery of social and transport infrastructure that supports and impacts healthy, active behaviours and the subjective wellbeing of residents in new developments and growth areas.

Methods

Three analyses were conducted. First, planning policies were reviewed using a content analysis to identify environmental features known to support healthy and active behaviours. Then, for two growth area estates located in Melbourne, Australia (Allura and Selandra Rise), the on-the-ground delivery of these planning policies were evaluated using spatial data of key destinations (e.g., shops, schools, and transport) and geographic information systems analysis. Finally, the health and subjective wellbeing of adult residents from these two estates combined (n = 352) was assessed using survey methodology. This included asking residents about the importance and satisfaction with access to transport and key destinations.

Results

We found that many built environment features were mentioned in the policy documents; however policy standards for dwelling density remain low at 15 dph and distances for accessing activity centres too long at 1 km to adequately support the walkability of new growth areas. We found generally, that average distances to key destinations were longer and more variable in growth areas in comparison to inner city areas and Greater Melbourne overall. For residents, satisfaction with access to destinations differed between the two case study areas. Residents in Allura, where destination and transport access was generally poorer were less satisfied, whilst those in the more walkable and established Selandra Rise area were more satisfied.

Conclusions

Although planning policies support the development of active transport and healthy, liveable cities they are insufficient for influencing healthy behaviours when not well implemented. Early delivery of social and transport infrastructure and services must occur early in the development cycle of new growth areas to support healthier and more sustainable behaviours.

中文翻译：

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在新郊区尽早提供公平，健康的交通选择：政策，地点和人员

介绍

规划政策支持健康，宜居城市的发展。但是，最近的研究表明，他们可能没有提供足够的细节来提供社会和交通基础设施的地面交付，这些基础设施支持并影响新开发区和增长区居民的健康，积极的行为以及居民的主观幸福感。

方法

进行了三个分析。首先，使用内容分析来审查计划政策，以识别已知可支持健康和积极行为的环境特征。然后，对于位于澳大利亚墨尔本的两个增长区房地产（Allura和Selandra Rise），使用主要目的地（例如商店，学校和交通）的空间数据对这些规划政策的实地交付进行了评估信息系统分析。最后， 使用调查方法评估了这两个庄园（n = 352）的成年居民的健康和主观幸福感。这包括询问居民关于交通和关键目的地的重要性和满意度。

结果

我们发现，政策文件中提到了许多内置环境功能；但是，居住密度的政策标准仍保持在15 dph的较低水平，而进入活动中心的距离则过长（1 km），不足以充分支持新增长地区的步行性。我们发现，与市区内地区和整个大墨尔本地区相比，在增长地区，到主要目的地的平均距离更长且变化更大。对于居民而言，两个案例研究区域对到达目的地的满意度有所不同。目的地和交通通畅普遍较差的阿鲁拉（Allura）居民的满意度较低，而更步行和更老的塞兰德拉（Selandra Rise）地区的居民则较满意。

结论

尽管规划政策支持积极交通和健康宜居城市的发展，但如果实施不当，就不足以影响健康行为。必须在新增长区的发展周期的早期就尽早提供社会和交通基础设施和服务，以支持更健康，更可持续的行为。