Calcium is an important intracellular second messenger involved in several processes such as the transduction of odour signals and neuronal excitability. Despite this critical role, relatively little information is available with respect to the impact of insecticides on the dynamics of intracellular calcium homeostasis in olfactory neurons. For the first time here, physiological stimuli (depolarizing current or pheromone) were shown to elicit calcium transients in peripheral neurons from the honey bee antenna. In addition, neurotoxic xenobiotics (the first synthetic phthalic diamide insecticide flubendiamide or botanical alkaloids ryanodine and caffeine) do interfere with normal calcium homeostasis. Our in vitro experiments show that these three xenobiotics can induce sustained abnormal calcium transients in antennal neurons. The present results provide a new insight into the toxicity of diamides, showing that flubendiamide drastically impairs calcium homeostasis in antennal neurons. We propose that a calcium imaging assay should provide an efficient tool dedicated to the modern assessment strategies of insecticides toxicity.

钙是重要的细胞内第二信使，参与多种过程，例如气味信号的传导和神经元兴奋性。尽管起着关键作用，但是关于杀虫剂对嗅觉神经元中细胞内钙稳态动态的影响的信息相对较少。在这里，首次显示出生理刺激（去极化电流或信息素）从蜜蜂触角诱发周围神经元的钙瞬变。此外，神经毒性异生素（第一种合成的邻苯二甲酸二酰胺类杀虫剂氟苯二酰胺或植物生物碱类莱丹定和咖啡因）确实会干扰正常的钙稳态。我们的体外实验表明，这三种异生素可以诱导触角神经元持续持续的钙瞬变。目前的结果为双酰胺的毒性提供了新的见解，表明氟苯二酰胺极大地损害了触角神经元的钙稳态。我们建议钙成像测定法应提供一种致力于现代杀虫剂毒性评估策略的有效工具。