Abstract Metal-ceramic functionally graded materials (FGM) represent a class of composites in which the variation of ceramic (or metallic) content over a definable geometrical length can lead to a combination of desirable physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. These materials are often processed in high-temperature conditions. The asymmetric and variable thermo-physical properties along gradient directions in metal-ceramic FGMs lead to the development of process-induced residual stresses. Since these materials are primarily used as load-bearing components, the processing-induced residual stresses can be superimposed on in-service stresses and lead to premature failure. The present study aims to analyze the concurrent effects of gradation on processing-induced residual stresses and the fracture response of cracked transversely graded structures, that are FGMs with gradients parallel to the crack front. The analytical approach proposed in this work facilitates the identification of optimal gradients that lead to enhanced strength and fracture resistance.

中文翻译：

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横向梯度 Ti-TiB 结构的梯度优化以提高抗断裂性

摘要 金属陶瓷功能梯度材料 (FGM) 代表一类复合材料，其中陶瓷（或金属）含量在可定义的几何长度上的变化可导致理想的物理、机械和热性能的组合。这些材料通常在高温条件下加工。金属陶瓷 FGM 中沿梯度方向的不对称和可变的热物理性质导致过程引起的残余应力的发展。由于这些材料主要用作承重部件，因此加工引起的残余应力会叠加在使用应力上并导致过早失效。本研究旨在分析渐变对加工引起的残余应力和裂纹横向渐变结构的断裂响应的并发影响，即具有平行于裂纹前沿的渐变的 FGM。这项工作中提出的分析方法有助于确定最佳梯度，从而提高强度和抗裂性。