Pastoralist communities all over Africa have been facing a variety of social and economic problems, as well as climate risks and hazards for many years. They have also been suffering from climate change and extreme events, along with a variety of weather and climate threats, which pose many challenges to herders. On the one hand, pastoralist communities have little influence on policy decisions; however, on the other hand, they suffer to a significant extent from such policies, which limit their options for sustainable development and poverty alleviation. Also, the socio-cultural legacy of herders, and their role in food security and provision of ecosystem services, as well as their efforts towards climate change adaptation, are little documented, particularly in Eastern and Southern African countries. There is a perceived need for international studies on the risks and impacts of climate change and extreme events on the sustainability of pastoralist communities in Africa, especially in eastern and southern Africa. Based on the need to address this research gap, this paper describes the climate change risks and challenges that climate threats pose to the sustainability and livelihoods of pastoralist communities in eastern and southern Africa. Also, it discusses the extent to which such problems affect their well-being and income. Additionally, the paper reports on the socioeconomic vulnerability indices at country-level; identifies specific problems pastoralists face, and a variety of climate adaptation strategies to extreme events through field survey among pastoralist communities in a sample of five countries, namely Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The study has shown that the long-term sustainability of the livelihoods of pastoral communities is currently endangered by climate change and the risks and hazards it brings about, which may worsen poverty among this social group. The study suggests that a more systematic and structured approach is needed when assessing the climate vulnerability of individual pastoral communities, since this may help in designing suitable disaster risk reduction strategies. Moreover, the paper shows that it is also necessary to understand better the socio-ecological systems (SES) of the various communities, and how their livelihoods are influenced by the changing conditions imposed by a changing climate.

多年来，整个非洲的牧民社区都面临着各种各样的社会和经济问题，以及气候风险和危害。他们还遭受气候变化和极端事件的影响，以及各种天气和气候威胁，给牧民带来许多挑战。一方面，牧民社区对政策决策影响很小；但是，另一方面，它们却在很大程度上受到这种政策的限制，这些政策限制了他们在可持续发展和减轻贫困方面的选择。此外，关于牧民的社会文化遗产及其在粮食安全和提供生态系统服务中的作用，以及他们为适应气候变化所做的努力，鲜有文献记载，特别是在东部和南部非洲国家。人们认为，有必要对气候变化和极端事件对非洲，特别是东部和南部非洲牧民社区的可持续性的风险和影响进行国际研究。基于解决这一研究差距的需要，本文描述了气候变化风险和气候威胁对东部和南部非洲牧民社区的可持续性和生计构成的挑战。此外，它还讨论了此类问题在多大程度上影响其福祉和收入。此外，该文件还报告了国家一级的社会经济脆弱性指数；通过对五个国家（例如埃塞俄比亚，肯尼亚，马拉维）的牧民社区进行实地调查，确定牧民面临的具体问题以及针对极端事件的多种气候适应策略 乌干达和津巴布韦。研究表明，气候变化及其带来的风险和危害目前正在危及牧民社区的长期生计，这可能使该社会群体的贫困状况恶化。该研究表明，在评估单个牧民社区的气候脆弱性时，需要一种更加系统和结构化的方法，因为这可能有助于设计适当的减少灾害风险的策略。此外，该论文表明，还需要更好地了解各个社区的社会生态系统（SES），以及他们的生计如何受到气候变化带来的条件变化的影响。研究表明，气候变化及其带来的风险和危害目前正在危及牧民社区的长期生计，这可能使该社会群体的贫困状况恶化。该研究表明，在评估单个牧民社区的气候脆弱性时，需要一种更加系统和结构化的方法，因为这可能有助于设计适当的减少灾害风险的策略。此外，该论文表明，还需要更好地了解各个社区的社会生态系统（SES），以及他们的生计如何受到气候变化带来的条件变化的影响。研究表明，气候变化及其带来的风险和危害目前正在危及牧民社区的长期生计，这可能使该社会群体的贫困状况恶化。该研究表明，在评估单个牧民社区的气候脆弱性时，需要一种更加系统和结构化的方法，因为这可能有助于设计适当的减少灾害风险的策略。此外，该论文表明，还需要更好地了解各个社区的社会生态系统（SES），以及他们的生计如何受到气候变化带来的条件变化的影响。该研究表明，在评估单个牧民社区的气候脆弱性时，需要一种更加系统和结构化的方法，因为这可能有助于设计适当的减少灾害风险的策略。此外，该论文表明，还需要更好地了解各个社区的社会生态系统（SES），以及他们的生计如何受到气候变化带来的条件变化的影响。该研究表明，在评估单个牧民社区的气候脆弱性时，需要一种更加系统和结构化的方法，因为这可能有助于设计适当的减少灾害风险的策略。此外，该论文表明，还需要更好地了解各个社区的社会生态系统（SES），以及他们的生计如何受到气候变化带来的条件变化的影响。