It is well known that stroke incidence and outcome is sex-dependent and influenced by age and gonadal hormones. In post-menopausal and/or aged females, declining estrogen levels increases stroke risk. However, women who experience early menopause also have an increase in stroke risk. This suggests that, regardless of age, gonadal hormones regulate stroke risk and severity. This review discusses prolonged gonadal hormone dysfunction in a common female endocrine disorder known as polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, and the associated increased risk of stroke due to resulting hyperandrogenism and metabolic comorbidities.

中文翻译：

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性腺激素和中风风险：PCOS 案例研究

众所周知，中风的发病率和结果与性别有关，并受年龄和性腺激素的影响。在绝经后和/或老年女性中，雌激素水平下降会增加中风风险。然而，更年期提前的女性中风风险也会增加。这表明，无论年龄大小，性腺激素都会调节中风风险和严重程度。本综述讨论了一种常见的女性内分泌疾病（称为多囊卵巢综合征，PCOS）中长期性腺激素功能障碍，以及由此导致的高雄激素血症和代谢合并症导致的卒中风险增加。